King James Version · Under Rome
Romans 1
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, a , called to be , separated unto of , (Which he had promised afore by his in the ,) Concerning his Son our , which was made of the of according to ; And declared to be the Son of with , according to of , by the from : By whom we have received and apostleship, for to the among all nations, for his name: Among whom are ye also the called of : To all that be in , beloved of , called to be : to you and peace from , and . First, I thank my through for you all, that your is spoken of throughout the whole world. For is my , whom I with in of his Son, that without ceasing I make mention of you always in my prayers; Making request, if by any means now at length I might have a prosperous journey by the will of to come unto you. For I long to see you, that I may impart unto you some spiritual gift, to the end ye may be established; That is, that I may be comforted together with you by the mutual both of you and me. Now I would not have you ignorant, brethren, that oftentimes I purposed to come unto you, (but was let hitherto,) that I might have some fruit among you also, even as among other . I am debtor both to , and to the Barbarians; both to , and to the unwise. So, as much as in me is, I am ready to preach to you that are at also. For I am not of of Christ: for it is the of unto to every one that believeth; to the first, and also to the . For therein is the of from to : as , The shall live by . For is from against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness; Because that which may be known of is manifest in them; for hath shewed it unto them. For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his and Godhead; so that they are without excuse: Because that, when they knew , they glorified him not as , neither were thankful; but became in their imaginations, and their foolish was darkened. Professing themselves to be , they became fools, And changed the of the uncorruptible into an made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and fourfooted , and creeping things. Wherefore also gave them up to uncleanness through the lusts of their own , to dishonour their own bodies between themselves: Who changed the truth of into a lie, and and the creature more than the Creator, who is for ever. . For this cause gave them up unto vile affections: for even their women did change the natural use into that which is against nature: And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their one toward another; men with men working that which is unseemly, and receiving in themselves that recompence of their error which was meet. And even as they did not like to retain in their knowledge, gave them over to a reprobate , to do those things which are not convenient; Being filled with all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, , debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers, Backbiters, haters of , despiteful, proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, to parents, Without , covenantbreakers, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful: Who knowing the of , that they which commit such things are worthy of , not only do the same, but have pleasure in them that do them.
The 1611 translation, public domain. Its original printing included the Apocrypha, which is why the deuterocanonical books can be read here. Notes and cards are EKLI’s own.
Christians read this chapter differently
- What about those who never hear? · Romans 1:18-20
Every view at its strongest, with who holds it and what it has to answer for.
The world at this moment · Under Rome, 63 BC to AD 100 ›
Judea as a client kingdom and then a province. Roads, garrisons, taxes, crucifixion, and a common Greek language that let a message travel the empire faster than any before it.
- Rome
- The republic tears itself apart in civil war and comes out as an empire under Augustus. What follows is two centuries of relative peace across the whole Mediterranean, enforced by legions and paid for by taxes, with safe roads and safe sea lanes. Every one of Paul's journeys depends on that.
- Judea
- Governed first through Herod the Great, a client king of enormous ability and enormous brutality who rebuilds the temple into one of the wonders of the ancient world, then directly by Roman prefects. Crucifixion is the standard penalty for sedition and is used often and publicly.
- The wider world
- Greek is spoken from Spain to Syria, which means a letter written in Corinth can be read in Rome without translation. Jewish communities already exist in most major cities, which is where the first Christian preaching lands. Mystery religions, imperial cult, and philosophy all compete in the same marketplace.
- Further afield
- The Han dynasty rules China and trades silk westward along routes that touch the Roman world at second hand. In Britain the Roman conquest begins within a decade of the crucifixion.