King James Version · Under Rome
Romans 12
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I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the of , that ye present your bodies a living , , acceptable unto , which is your reasonable . And be not conformed to this world: but be ye transformed by the renewing of , that ye may prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will of . For I say, through the given unto me, to every man that is among you, not to think of himself more highly than he ought to think; but to think soberly, according as hath dealt to every man the measure of . For as we have many members in , and all members have not the same office: So we, being many, are in Christ, and every one members one of another. Having then gifts differing according to the that is given to us, whether , let us according to the proportion of ; Or ministry, let us wait on our ministering: or he that teacheth, on teaching; Or he that exhorteth, on exhortation: he that giveth, let him do it with simplicity; he that ruleth, with diligence; he that sheweth mercy, with cheerfulness. Let love be without dissimulation. Abhor that which is evil; cleave to that which is good. Be kindly affectioned one to another with brotherly love; in preferring one another; Not slothful in business; fervent in ; ; Rejoicing in ; in tribulation; continuing instant in ; Distributing to the necessity of ; given to hospitality. them which persecute you: , and not. Rejoice with them that do rejoice, and weep with them that weep. Be of the same one toward another. not high things, but condescend to men of low estate. Be not in your own conceits. to no man evil for evil. Provide things honest in the sight of all men. If it be possible, as much as lieth in you, live peaceably with all men. Dearly beloved, not yourselves, but rather give place unto : for , is mine; I will , saith . Therefore if thine enemy , feed him; if he thirst, give him drink: for in so doing thou shalt heap coals of on his head. Be not overcome of evil, but overcome evil with good.
The 1611 translation, public domain. Its original printing included the Apocrypha, which is why the deuterocanonical books can be read here. Notes and cards are EKLI’s own.
The world at this moment · Under Rome, 63 BC to AD 100 ›
Judea as a client kingdom and then a province. Roads, garrisons, taxes, crucifixion, and a common Greek language that let a message travel the empire faster than any before it.
- Rome
- The republic tears itself apart in civil war and comes out as an empire under Augustus. What follows is two centuries of relative peace across the whole Mediterranean, enforced by legions and paid for by taxes, with safe roads and safe sea lanes. Every one of Paul's journeys depends on that.
- Judea
- Governed first through Herod the Great, a client king of enormous ability and enormous brutality who rebuilds the temple into one of the wonders of the ancient world, then directly by Roman prefects. Crucifixion is the standard penalty for sedition and is used often and publicly.
- The wider world
- Greek is spoken from Spain to Syria, which means a letter written in Corinth can be read in Rome without translation. Jewish communities already exist in most major cities, which is where the first Christian preaching lands. Mystery religions, imperial cult, and philosophy all compete in the same marketplace.
- Further afield
- The Han dynasty rules China and trades silk westward along routes that touch the Roman world at second hand. In Britain the Roman conquest begins within a decade of the crucifixion.