King James Version · Egypt and Sinai
Leviticus 9
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And it came to pass on the eighth day, that called and his sons, and the ; And he said unto , Take thee a young calf for a , and a ram for a , , and offer them before . And unto the thou shalt speak, saying, Take ye a kid of the goats for a ; and a calf and , both of the first year, , for a ; Also a bullock and a ram for , to before ; and a meat mingled with oil: for to day will appear unto you. And they brought that which commanded before the of : and all drew near and stood before . And said, This is the thing which commanded that ye should do: and shall appear unto you. And said unto , Go unto the , and offer thy , and thy , and make an atonement for thyself, and for the people: and offer the of the people, and make an atonement for them; as commanded. therefore went unto the , and slew the calf of the , which was for himself. And the sons of brought unto him: and he dipped his finger in , and put it upon the of the , and poured out at the bottom of the : But , and the kidneys, and the caul above the liver of the , he burnt upon the ; as commanded . And and the hide he burnt with without the camp. And he slew the ; and ’s sons presented unto him , which he sprinkled round about upon the . 13And they presented the unto him, with the pieces thereof, and the head: and he burnt them upon the . And he did wash the inwards and the legs, and burnt them upon the on the . And he brought the people’s , and took the goat, which was the for the people, and slew it, and offered it for , as the first. And he brought the , and offered it according to the manner. And he brought the meat , and took an handful thereof, and burnt it upon the , beside the burnt of the morning. He slew also the bullock and the ram for a of , which was for the people: and ’s sons presented unto him , which he sprinkled upon the round about, And the bullock and of the ram, the rump, and that which covereth the inwards, and the kidneys, and the caul above the liver: And they put upon the breasts, and he burnt upon the : And the breasts and the right shoulder waved for a wave before ; as commanded. And lifted up his hand toward the people, and them, and came down from of the , and the , and . And and went into the of , and came out, and the people: and appeared unto all the people. And there came a out from before , and consumed upon the the and : which when all the people saw, they shouted, and fell on their faces.
The 1611 translation, public domain. Its original printing included the Apocrypha, which is why the deuterocanonical books can be read here. Notes and cards are EKLI’s own.
The world at this moment · Egypt and Sinai, 1450 BC to 1200 BC ›
Israel in and then out of Egypt, at a period when Egypt was an imperial power that also controlled Canaan. The nation is formed as a people with a law before it has any land.
- Egypt
- The New Kingdom at its imperial peak, with a professional army, a chariot corps, and control reaching up through Canaan. Ramesses II reigns for sixty-six years and covers the country in monuments to himself. Egyptian power in this period is the reason Canaan is garrisoned rather than free.
- The Hittites
- The other superpower, in what is now Turkey, and Egypt's rival for the Levant. The two fight the largest chariot battle of the ancient world at Kadesh, then sign a treaty whose text survives from both sides. Hittite treaty form, with its historical prologue, stipulations, witnesses, blessings, and curses, is the shape the Sinai covenant takes, which is one of the stronger arguments for the antiquity of that material.
- The Aegean
- Mycenaean Greece: warrior kings in stone citadels at Mycenae and Pylos, keeping palace accounts in Linear B. The world of the Trojan War stories, whatever lies behind them.
- Further afield
- The Shang dynasty in China is casting extraordinary bronzes and writing questions to its ancestors on ox bones. In Mesoamerica the Olmec are beginning the first civilisation of the Americas.