King James Version · Egypt and Sinai
Leviticus 16
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And spake unto after the of the two sons of , when they offered before , and ; And said unto , Speak unto thy brother, that he come not at all times into the place within the vail before the , which is upon the ark; that he not: for I will appear in the cloud upon the . Thus shall come into the place: with a young bullock for a , and a ram for a . He shall put on the linen coat, and he shall have the linen breeches upon his , and shall be girded with a linen girdle, and with the linen mitre shall he be attired: these are garments; therefore shall he wash his in water, and so put them on. And he shall take of of the two kids of the goats for a , and one ram for a . And shall offer his bullock of the , which is for himself, and make an atonement for himself, and for his house. And he shall take the two goats, and present them before at the door of the of . And shall cast lots upon the two goats; one lot for , and the other lot for the . And shall bring the goat upon which ’s lot fell, and offer him for a . But the goat, on which the lot fell to be the , shall be presented alive before , to make an atonement with him, and to let him go for a into . And shall bring the bullock of the , which is for himself, and shall make an atonement for himself, and for his house, and shall kill the bullock of the which is for himself: And he shall take a censer full of burning coals of from off the before , and his hands full of beaten small, and bring it within the vail: And he shall put the upon the before , that the cloud of the may cover the that is upon the , that he not: And he shall take of of the bullock, and sprinkle it with his finger upon the eastward; and before the shall he sprinkle of with his finger seven times. Then shall he kill the goat of the , that is for the people, and bring his within the vail, and do with that as he did with of the bullock, and sprinkle it upon the , and before the : And he shall make an atonement for the place, because of the uncleanness of the , and because of their in all their : and so shall he do for the of , that remaineth among them in the midst of their uncleanness. And there shall be no man in the of when he goeth in to make an atonement in the place, until he come out, and have made an atonement for himself, and for his household, and for all of Israel. And he shall go out unto the that is before , and make an atonement for it; and shall take of of the bullock, and of of the goat, and put it upon the of the round about. And he shall sprinkle of upon it with his finger seven times, and cleanse it, and hallow it from the uncleanness of the . And when he hath made an end of reconciling the place, and the of , and the , he shall bring the live goat: And shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat, and over him all the of the , and all their in all their , putting them upon the head of the goat, and shall send him away by the hand of a fit man into : And the goat shall bear upon him all their unto a land not inhabited: and he shall let go the goat in . And shall come into the of , and shall put off the linen garments, which he put on when he went into the place, and shall leave them there: And he shall wash his with water in the place, and put on his garments, and come forth, and offer his , and the of the people, and make an atonement for himself, and for the people. And the shall he burn upon the . And he that let go the goat for the shall wash his clothes, and bathe his in water, and afterward come into the camp. And the bullock for the , and the goat for the , whose was brought in to make atonement in the place, shall one carry forth without the camp; and they shall burn in the their skins, and their , and their dung. 28And he that burneth them shall wash his clothes, and bathe his in water, and afterward he shall come into the camp. And this shall be a for ever unto you: that in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, ye shall afflict your , and do no work at all, whether it be one of your own country, or a that sojourneth among you: For on that day shall the priest make an atonement for you, to cleanse you, that ye may be clean from all your before . It shall be a of rest unto you, and ye shall afflict your , by a for ever. And the priest, whom he shall anoint, and whom he shall to minister in the priest’s office in his ’s stead, shall make the atonement, and shall put on the linen clothes, even the garments: And he shall make an atonement for the sanctuary, and he shall make an atonement for the of , and for the , and he shall make an atonement for the priests, and for all the people of . And this shall be an unto you, to make an atonement for the for all their once a year. And he did as commanded .
The 1611 translation, public domain. Its original printing included the Apocrypha, which is why the deuterocanonical books can be read here. Notes and cards are EKLI’s own.
The world at this moment · Egypt and Sinai, 1450 BC to 1200 BC ›
Israel in and then out of Egypt, at a period when Egypt was an imperial power that also controlled Canaan. The nation is formed as a people with a law before it has any land.
- Egypt
- The New Kingdom at its imperial peak, with a professional army, a chariot corps, and control reaching up through Canaan. Ramesses II reigns for sixty-six years and covers the country in monuments to himself. Egyptian power in this period is the reason Canaan is garrisoned rather than free.
- The Hittites
- The other superpower, in what is now Turkey, and Egypt's rival for the Levant. The two fight the largest chariot battle of the ancient world at Kadesh, then sign a treaty whose text survives from both sides. Hittite treaty form, with its historical prologue, stipulations, witnesses, blessings, and curses, is the shape the Sinai covenant takes, which is one of the stronger arguments for the antiquity of that material.
- The Aegean
- Mycenaean Greece: warrior kings in stone citadels at Mycenae and Pylos, keeping palace accounts in Linear B. The world of the Trojan War stories, whatever lies behind them.
- Further afield
- The Shang dynasty in China is casting extraordinary bronzes and writing questions to its ancestors on ox bones. In Mesoamerica the Olmec are beginning the first civilisation of the Americas.