King James Version · Egypt and Sinai
Leviticus 4
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1And spake unto , saying, Speak unto the , saying, If a shall through ignorance against any of of concerning things which ought not to be done, and shall do against any of them: If the priest that is do according to the of the people; then let him bring for his , which he hath , a young bullock unto for a . And he shall bring the bullock unto the door of the of before ; and shall lay his hand upon the bullock’s head, and kill the bullock before . And the priest that is shall take of the bullock’s , and bring it to the of : And the priest shall dip his finger in , and sprinkle of seven times before , before the vail of . And the priest shall put some of upon the of the of before , which is in the of ; and shall pour all of the bullock at the bottom of the of the , which is at the door of the of . And he shall take off from it of the bullock for the ; that covereth the inwards, and that is upon the inwards, And the two kidneys, and that is upon them, which is by the flanks, and the caul above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take away, 10As it was taken off from the bullock of the of : and the priest shall burn them upon the of the . And the skin of the bullock, and all his , with his head, and with his legs, and his inwards, and his dung, Even the whole bullock shall he carry forth without the camp unto a clean place, where the are poured out, and burn him on the wood with : where the are poured out shall he be burnt. And if the whole of Israel through ignorance, and the thing be hid from the eyes of , and they have done somewhat against any of of concerning things which should not be done, and are guilty; When the , which they have against it, is known, then shall offer a young bullock for the , and bring him before the of . And the of shall lay their hands upon the head of the bullock before : and the bullock shall be killed before . And the priest that is shall bring of the bullock’s to the of : And the priest shall dip his finger in some of , and sprinkle it seven times before , even before the vail. And he shall put some of upon the of the which is before , that is in the of , and shall pour out all at the bottom of the of the , which is at the door of the of . And he shall take all his fat from him, and burn it upon the . And he shall do with the bullock as he did with the bullock for a , so shall he do with this: and the priest shall make an atonement for them, and it shall be forgiven them. And he shall carry forth the bullock without the camp, and burn him as he burned the first bullock: it is a for . When a ruler hath , and done somewhat through ignorance against any of of his concerning things which should not be done, and is guilty; Or if his , wherein he hath , come to his knowledge; he shall bring his , a kid of the goats, a male : And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the goat, and kill it in the place where they kill the before : it is a . And the priest shall take of of the with his finger, and put it upon the of the of , and shall pour out his at the bottom of the of . And he shall burn all his fat upon the , as the of : and the priest shall make an atonement for him as concerning his , and it shall be forgiven him. And if any one of the common people through ignorance, while he doeth somewhat against any of of concerning things which ought not to be done, and be guilty; Or if his , which he hath , come to his knowledge: then he shall bring his , a kid of the goats, a female , for his which he hath . And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the , and the in the place of the . And the priest shall take of thereof with his finger, and put it upon the of the of , and shall pour out all thereof at the bottom of the . And he shall take away thereof, as is taken away from off the of ; and the priest shall burn it upon the for a sweet savour unto ; and the priest shall make an atonement for him, and it shall be forgiven him. And if he bring for a , he shall bring it a female . And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the , and it for a in the place where they kill the . And the priest shall take of of the with his finger, and put it upon the of the of , and shall pour out all thereof at the bottom of the : And he shall take away thereof, as is taken away from the of the ; and the priest shall burn them upon the , according to the made by unto : and the priest shall make an atonement for his that he hath committed, and it shall be forgiven him.
The 1611 translation, public domain. Its original printing included the Apocrypha, which is why the deuterocanonical books can be read here. Notes and cards are EKLI’s own.
The world at this moment · Egypt and Sinai, 1450 BC to 1200 BC ›
Israel in and then out of Egypt, at a period when Egypt was an imperial power that also controlled Canaan. The nation is formed as a people with a law before it has any land.
- Egypt
- The New Kingdom at its imperial peak, with a professional army, a chariot corps, and control reaching up through Canaan. Ramesses II reigns for sixty-six years and covers the country in monuments to himself. Egyptian power in this period is the reason Canaan is garrisoned rather than free.
- The Hittites
- The other superpower, in what is now Turkey, and Egypt's rival for the Levant. The two fight the largest chariot battle of the ancient world at Kadesh, then sign a treaty whose text survives from both sides. Hittite treaty form, with its historical prologue, stipulations, witnesses, blessings, and curses, is the shape the Sinai covenant takes, which is one of the stronger arguments for the antiquity of that material.
- The Aegean
- Mycenaean Greece: warrior kings in stone citadels at Mycenae and Pylos, keeping palace accounts in Linear B. The world of the Trojan War stories, whatever lies behind them.
- Further afield
- The Shang dynasty in China is casting extraordinary bronzes and writing questions to its ancestors on ox bones. In Mesoamerica the Olmec are beginning the first civilisation of the Americas.