World English Bible · Egypt and Sinai
Leviticus 9
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On the eighth day, called and his sons, and the ; and he said to , "Take a calf from the herd for a , and a ram for a , , and offer them before . You shall speak to the , saying, 'Take a male goat for a ; and a calf and , both a year old, , for a ; and a bull and a ram for , to before ; and a mixed with oil: for today appears to you.'" They brought what commanded before the . All came near and stood before . said, "This is the thing which commanded that you should do; and shall appear to you." said to , "Draw near to the , and offer your , and your , and make atonement for yourself, and for the people; and offer the of the people, and make atonement for them, as commanded." So came near to the , and killed the calf of the , which was for himself. The sons of presented to him; and he dipped his finger in , and put it on the of the , and poured out at the base of the ; but , and the kidneys, and the cover from the liver of the , he burned upon the , as commanded . The meat and the skin he burned with outside the camp. He killed the ; and sons to him, and he sprinkled it around on the . 13They the to him, piece by piece, and the head. He burned them upon the . He washed the innards and the legs, and burned them on the on the . He presented the people's , and took the goat of the which was for the people, and killed it, and offered it for , like the first. He presented the , and offered it according to the . He presented the , and filled his hand from there, and burned it upon the , in addition to the of the morning. He also killed the bull and the ram, the of , which was for the people. sons to him , which he sprinkled around on the ; and the bull and of the ram, tail, and that which covers the innards, and the kidneys, and the cover of the liver; and they put upon the breasts, and he burned on the . waved the breasts and the right thigh for a wave before , as commanded. lifted up his hands toward the people, and them; and he came down from the , and the , and the . and went into the , and came out, and the people; and appeared to all the people. came out from before , and consumed the and upon the . When all the people saw it, they shouted, and fell on their faces.
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The world at this moment · Egypt and Sinai, 1450 BC to 1200 BC ›
Israel in and then out of Egypt, at a period when Egypt was an imperial power that also controlled Canaan. The nation is formed as a people with a law before it has any land.
- Egypt
- The New Kingdom at its imperial peak, with a professional army, a chariot corps, and control reaching up through Canaan. Ramesses II reigns for sixty-six years and covers the country in monuments to himself. Egyptian power in this period is the reason Canaan is garrisoned rather than free.
- The Hittites
- The other superpower, in what is now Turkey, and Egypt's rival for the Levant. The two fight the largest chariot battle of the ancient world at Kadesh, then sign a treaty whose text survives from both sides. Hittite treaty form, with its historical prologue, stipulations, witnesses, blessings, and curses, is the shape the Sinai covenant takes, which is one of the stronger arguments for the antiquity of that material.
- The Aegean
- Mycenaean Greece: warrior kings in stone citadels at Mycenae and Pylos, keeping palace accounts in Linear B. The world of the Trojan War stories, whatever lies behind them.
- Further afield
- The Shang dynasty in China is casting extraordinary bronzes and writing questions to its ancestors on ox bones. In Mesoamerica the Olmec are beginning the first civilisation of the Americas.