King James Version · Egypt and Sinai
Leviticus 5
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And if a , and hear the voice of swearing, and is a , whether he hath seen or known of it; if he do not utter it, then he shall bear his . Or if a touch any thing, whether it be a carcase of an beast, or a carcase of cattle, or the carcase of creeping things, and if it be hidden from him; he also shall be , and guilty. Or if he touch the uncleanness of man, whatsoever uncleanness it be that a man shall be defiled withal, and it be hid from him; when he knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty. Or if a , pronouncing with his to do evil, or to do good, whatsoever it be that a man shall pronounce with an , and it be hid from him; when he knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty in one of these. And it shall be, when he shall be guilty in one of these things, that he shall that he hath in that thing: And he shall bring his unto for his which he hath , a female from the flock, or a kid of the goats, for a ; and the priest shall make an atonement for him concerning his . And if he be not able to bring , then he shall bring for his trespass, which he hath committed, two , or two , unto ; one for a , and the other for a . And he shall bring them unto the priest, who shall offer that which is for the first, and wring off his head from his neck, but shall not divide it asunder: And he shall sprinkle of of the upon the side of the ; and the rest of shall be wrung out at the bottom of the : it is a . And he shall offer the second for a , according to the manner: and the priest shall make an atonement for him for his which he hath , and it shall be forgiven him. But if he be not able to bring two , or two , then he that shall bring for his the tenth part of an ephah of for a ; he shall put no oil upon it, neither shall he put any thereon: for it is a . Then shall he bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take his handful of it, even a memorial thereof, and burn it on the , according to the made by unto : it is a . And the priest shall make an atonement for him as touching his that he hath in one of these, and it shall be forgiven him: and shall be the priest’s, as a meat . 14And spake unto , saying, If a commit a trespass, and through ignorance, in the things of ; then he shall bring for his trespass unto a ram out of the flocks, with thy estimation by of silver, after the , for a : And he shall make amends for the harm that he hath done in the thing, and shall add the fifth part thereto, and give it unto the priest: and the priest shall make an atonement for him with the ram of the , and it shall be forgiven him. And if a , and commit any of these things which are forbidden to be done by of ; though he wist it not, yet is he guilty, and shall bear his . And he shall bring a ram out of the flock, with thy estimation, for a , unto the priest: and the priest shall make an atonement for him concerning his ignorance wherein he erred and wist it not, and it shall be forgiven him. It is a : he hath certainly trespassed against .
The 1611 translation, public domain. Its original printing included the Apocrypha, which is why the deuterocanonical books can be read here. Notes and cards are EKLI’s own.
The world at this moment · Egypt and Sinai, 1450 BC to 1200 BC ›
Israel in and then out of Egypt, at a period when Egypt was an imperial power that also controlled Canaan. The nation is formed as a people with a law before it has any land.
- Egypt
- The New Kingdom at its imperial peak, with a professional army, a chariot corps, and control reaching up through Canaan. Ramesses II reigns for sixty-six years and covers the country in monuments to himself. Egyptian power in this period is the reason Canaan is garrisoned rather than free.
- The Hittites
- The other superpower, in what is now Turkey, and Egypt's rival for the Levant. The two fight the largest chariot battle of the ancient world at Kadesh, then sign a treaty whose text survives from both sides. Hittite treaty form, with its historical prologue, stipulations, witnesses, blessings, and curses, is the shape the Sinai covenant takes, which is one of the stronger arguments for the antiquity of that material.
- The Aegean
- Mycenaean Greece: warrior kings in stone citadels at Mycenae and Pylos, keeping palace accounts in Linear B. The world of the Trojan War stories, whatever lies behind them.
- Further afield
- The Shang dynasty in China is casting extraordinary bronzes and writing questions to its ancestors on ox bones. In Mesoamerica the Olmec are beginning the first civilisation of the Americas.