King James Version · Egypt and Sinai
Leviticus 1
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And called unto , and spake unto him out of the of , saying, Speak unto the , and say unto them, If any man of you bring an unto , ye shall bring your of the cattle, even of the herd, and of the flock. If his be a burnt of the herd, let him offer a male : he shall offer it of his own voluntary will at the door of the of before . And he shall put his hand upon the head of the ; and it shall be accepted for him to make atonement for him. And he shall kill the bullock before : and the priests, ’s sons, shall bring , and sprinkle round about upon the that is by the door of the of . And he shall flay the , and cut it into his pieces. And the sons of the priest shall put upon the , and lay the wood in order upon the : And the priests, ’s sons, shall lay the parts, the head, and , in order upon the wood that is on the which is upon the : But his inwards and his legs shall he wash in water: and the priest shall burn all on the , to be a burnt , an made by , of a sweet savour unto . And if his be of the flocks, namely, of the sheep, or of the goats, for a burnt ; he shall bring it a male . And he shall kill it on the side of the northward before : and the priests, ’s sons, shall sprinkle his round about upon the . 12And he shall cut it into his pieces, with his head and his fat: and the priest shall lay them in order on the wood that is on the which is upon the : But he shall wash the inwards and the legs with water: and the priest shall bring it all, and burn it upon the : it is a burnt , an made by , of a sweet savour unto . And if the burnt for his to be of fowls, then he shall bring his of , or of . And the priest shall bring it unto the , and wring off his head, and burn it on the ; and thereof shall be wrung out at the side of the : And he shall pluck away his crop with his feathers, and cast it beside the on the east part, by the place of the : And he shall cleave it with the thereof, but shall not divide it asunder: and the priest shall burn it upon the , upon the wood that is upon the : it is a burnt , an made by , of a sweet savour unto .
The 1611 translation, public domain. Its original printing included the Apocrypha, which is why the deuterocanonical books can be read here. Notes and cards are EKLI’s own.
The world at this moment · Egypt and Sinai, 1450 BC to 1200 BC ›
Israel in and then out of Egypt, at a period when Egypt was an imperial power that also controlled Canaan. The nation is formed as a people with a law before it has any land.
- Egypt
- The New Kingdom at its imperial peak, with a professional army, a chariot corps, and control reaching up through Canaan. Ramesses II reigns for sixty-six years and covers the country in monuments to himself. Egyptian power in this period is the reason Canaan is garrisoned rather than free.
- The Hittites
- The other superpower, in what is now Turkey, and Egypt's rival for the Levant. The two fight the largest chariot battle of the ancient world at Kadesh, then sign a treaty whose text survives from both sides. Hittite treaty form, with its historical prologue, stipulations, witnesses, blessings, and curses, is the shape the Sinai covenant takes, which is one of the stronger arguments for the antiquity of that material.
- The Aegean
- Mycenaean Greece: warrior kings in stone citadels at Mycenae and Pylos, keeping palace accounts in Linear B. The world of the Trojan War stories, whatever lies behind them.
- Further afield
- The Shang dynasty in China is casting extraordinary bronzes and writing questions to its ancestors on ox bones. In Mesoamerica the Olmec are beginning the first civilisation of the Americas.