World English Bible · Egypt and Sinai
Leviticus 4
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1 spoke to , saying, "Speak to the , saying, 'If anyone unintentionally, in any of the things which has commanded not to be done, and does any one of them, if priest so as to bring on the people, then let him offer for his which he has a young bull to for a . He shall bring the bull to the door of the before ; and he shall lay his hand on the head of the bull, and kill the bull before . priest shall take some of of the bull, and bring it to the . The priest shall dip his finger in , and sprinkle some of seven times before , before of . The priest shall put some of on the of the of before , which is in the ; and he shall pour out the rest of of the bull at the base of the of , which is at the door of the . He shall take of the bull of the from it: that covers the innards, and that is on the innards, and the two kidneys, and that is on them, which is by the loins, and the cover on the liver, with the kidneys, he shall remove, 10as it is removed from the bull of the of . The priest shall burn them on the of . He shall carry the bull's skin, all its meat, with its head, and with its legs, its innards, and its dung —all the rest of the bull—outside of the camp to a clean place where the are poured out, and burn it on wood with . It shall be burned where the are poured out. "'If the whole of Israel , and the thing is hidden from the eyes of , and they have done any of the things which has commanded not to be done, and are guilty; when the in which they have is known, then shall offer a young bull for a , and bring it before the . The of shall lay their hands on the head of the bull before ; and the bull shall be killed before . priest shall bring some of of the bull to the . The priest shall dip his finger in and sprinkle it seven times before , before . He shall put some of on the of the which is before , that is in the ; and the rest of he shall pour out at the base of the of , which is at the door of the . All its fat he shall take from it, and burn it on the . He shall do this with the bull; as he did with the bull of the , so he shall do with this; and the priest shall make atonement for them, and they shall be forgiven. He shall carry the bull outside the camp, and burn it as he burned the first bull. It is the for . "'When a ruler , and unwittingly does any one of all the things which his has commanded not to be done, and is guilty, if his in which he has is to him, he shall bring as his a goat, a male . He shall lay his hand on the head of the goat, and kill it in the place where they kill the before . It is a . The priest shall take some of of the with his finger, and put it on the of the of . He shall pour out the rest of its at the base of the of . All its fat he shall burn on the , like the of ; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning his , and he will be forgiven. "'If anyone of the common people unwittingly, in doing any of the things which has commanded not to be done, and is guilty, if his which he has is to him, then he shall bring for his a goat, a female , for his which he has . He shall lay his hand on the head of the , and kill the in the place of . The priest shall take some of its with his finger, and put it on the of the of ; and the rest of its he shall pour out at the base of the . All its fat he shall take away, like is taken away from the of ; and the priest shall burn it on the for a pleasant aroma to ; and the priest shall make atonement for him, and he will be forgiven. "'If he brings as his for a , he shall bring a female . He shall lay his hand on the head of the , and kill it for a in the place where they kill the . The priest shall take some of of the with his finger, and put it on the of the of ; and all the rest of its he shall pour out at the base of the . He shall remove all its fat, like is removed from the of . The priest shall burn them on the , on the of made by . The priest shall make atonement for him concerning his that he has , and he will be forgiven.
A public domain modern English translation, free to read and share. Notes and cards are EKLI’s own.
The world at this moment · Egypt and Sinai, 1450 BC to 1200 BC ›
Israel in and then out of Egypt, at a period when Egypt was an imperial power that also controlled Canaan. The nation is formed as a people with a law before it has any land.
- Egypt
- The New Kingdom at its imperial peak, with a professional army, a chariot corps, and control reaching up through Canaan. Ramesses II reigns for sixty-six years and covers the country in monuments to himself. Egyptian power in this period is the reason Canaan is garrisoned rather than free.
- The Hittites
- The other superpower, in what is now Turkey, and Egypt's rival for the Levant. The two fight the largest chariot battle of the ancient world at Kadesh, then sign a treaty whose text survives from both sides. Hittite treaty form, with its historical prologue, stipulations, witnesses, blessings, and curses, is the shape the Sinai covenant takes, which is one of the stronger arguments for the antiquity of that material.
- The Aegean
- Mycenaean Greece: warrior kings in stone citadels at Mycenae and Pylos, keeping palace accounts in Linear B. The world of the Trojan War stories, whatever lies behind them.
- Further afield
- The Shang dynasty in China is casting extraordinary bronzes and writing questions to its ancestors on ox bones. In Mesoamerica the Olmec are beginning the first civilisation of the Americas.