World English Bible · Egypt and Sinai
Leviticus 16
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spoke to after the of the two sons of , when they came near before , and ; and said to , "Tell your brother not to come at any time into the Most Place within , before the which is on the ark; lest he ; for I will appear in the cloud on the . " shall come into with a young bull for a , and a ram for a . He shall put on the linen tunic. He shall have the linen trousers on his body, and shall put on the linen sash, and he shall be clothed with the linen turban. They are the garments. He shall bathe his body in water, and put them on. He shall take from of the two male goats for a , and one ram for a . " shall offer the bull of the , which is for himself, and make atonement for himself and for his house. He shall take the two goats, and set them before at the door of the . shall cast lots for the two goats: one lot for , and the other lot for the . shall present the goat on which the lot fell for , and offer him for a . But the goat on which the lot fell for the shall be presented alive before , to make atonement for him, to send him away as the into . " shall present the bull of the , which is for himself, and shall make atonement for himself and for his house, and shall kill the bull of the which is for himself. He shall take a censer full of coals of from off the before , and two handfuls of beaten small, and bring it within . He shall put the on the before , that the cloud of the may cover the that is on , so that he will not . He shall take some of of the bull, and sprinkle it with his finger on the on the east; and before the he shall sprinkle some of with his finger seven times. "Then he shall kill the goat of the that is for the people, and bring his within , and do with his as he did with of the bull, and sprinkle it on the and before the . He shall make atonement for the Place, because of the uncleanness of the , and because of their , even all their ; and so he shall do for the that dwells with them in the middle of their uncleanness. No one shall be in the when he enters to make atonement in the Place, until he comes out, and has made atonement for himself and for his household, and for all of Israel. "He shall go out to the that is before and make atonement for it, and shall take some of the bull's , and some of the goat's , and put it around on the of the . He shall sprinkle some of on it with his finger seven times, and cleanse it, and make it from the uncleanness of the . "When he has finished atoning for the Place, the , and the , he shall present the live goat. shall lay both his hands on the head of the live goat, and over him all the of the , and all their , even all their ; and he shall put them on the head of the goat, and shall send him away into by the hand of a man who is ready. The goat shall carry all their on himself to a solitary land, and he shall the goat in . " shall come into the , and shall take off the linen garments which he put on when he went into the Place, and shall leave them there. Then he shall bathe himself in water in a place, put on his garments, and come out and offer his and the of the people, and make atonement for himself and for the people. the he shall burn on the . "He who lets the goat go as the shall wash his clothes, and bathe his in water, and afterward he shall come into the camp. The bull for the , and the goat for the , whose was brought in to make atonement in the Place, shall be carried outside the camp; and they shall burn their skins, their , and their dung with . 28He who burns them shall wash his clothes, and bathe his in water, and afterward he shall come into the camp. "It shall be a to you : in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall afflict your , and shall do no kind of work, whether native-born or a who lives as a among you; for on this day shall atonement be made for you, to cleanse you. You shall be clean from all your before . It is a of solemn rest to you, and you shall afflict your . It is a . The priest, who is and who is to be priest in his place, shall make the atonement, and shall put on the linen garments, even the garments. Then he shall make atonement for the Sanctuary; and he shall make atonement for the and for the ; and he shall make atonement for the priests and for all the people of . "This shall be an for you, to make atonement for the once in the year because of all their ." It was done as commanded .
A public domain modern English translation, free to read and share. Notes and cards are EKLI’s own.
The world at this moment · Egypt and Sinai, 1450 BC to 1200 BC ›
Israel in and then out of Egypt, at a period when Egypt was an imperial power that also controlled Canaan. The nation is formed as a people with a law before it has any land.
- Egypt
- The New Kingdom at its imperial peak, with a professional army, a chariot corps, and control reaching up through Canaan. Ramesses II reigns for sixty-six years and covers the country in monuments to himself. Egyptian power in this period is the reason Canaan is garrisoned rather than free.
- The Hittites
- The other superpower, in what is now Turkey, and Egypt's rival for the Levant. The two fight the largest chariot battle of the ancient world at Kadesh, then sign a treaty whose text survives from both sides. Hittite treaty form, with its historical prologue, stipulations, witnesses, blessings, and curses, is the shape the Sinai covenant takes, which is one of the stronger arguments for the antiquity of that material.
- The Aegean
- Mycenaean Greece: warrior kings in stone citadels at Mycenae and Pylos, keeping palace accounts in Linear B. The world of the Trojan War stories, whatever lies behind them.
- Further afield
- The Shang dynasty in China is casting extraordinary bronzes and writing questions to its ancestors on ox bones. In Mesoamerica the Olmec are beginning the first civilisation of the Americas.