World English Bible · Egypt and Sinai
Leviticus 17
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1 spoke to , saying, 2"Speak to , and to his sons, and to all the , and say to them, 'This is the thing which has commanded: Whatever man there is of the who kills a bull, or lamb, or goat in the camp, or who kills it outside the camp, and hasn't brought it to the door of the to offer it as an to before : shall be imputed to that man. He has shed . That man from among his people. This is to the end that the may bring their , which they in the open field, that they may bring them to , to the door of the , to the priest, and them for of to . The priest shall sprinkle on at the door of the , and burn for a pleasant aroma to . They shall no more their to the goat idols, after which they play the . This shall be a to them throughout their generations.' "You shall say to them, 'Any man there is of the , or of the strangers who live as among them, who offers a or , and doesn't bring it to the door of the to it to , that man from his people. "'Any man of the , or of the strangers who live as among them, who eats any kind of , I will set against that who eats , and will cut him off from among his people. For the life of is in . I have given it to you on the to make atonement for your ; for it is that makes atonement by reason of the life. 12Therefore I have said to the , "No person among you may eat , nor may any who lives as a among you eat ." "'Whatever man there is of the , or of the strangers who live as among them, who takes in hunting any animal or bird that may be eaten, he shall pour out its , and cover it with . For as to the life of , its is with its life. Therefore I said to the , "You shall not eat of any kind of ; for the life of is its . Whoever eats it ." "'Every person that eats what dies of itself, or that which is torn by animals, whether he is native-born or a , shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be . Then he shall be clean. But if he doesn't wash them, or bathe his , then he shall bear his .'"
A public domain modern English translation, free to read and share. Notes and cards are EKLI’s own.
The world at this moment · Egypt and Sinai, 1450 BC to 1200 BC ›
Israel in and then out of Egypt, at a period when Egypt was an imperial power that also controlled Canaan. The nation is formed as a people with a law before it has any land.
- Egypt
- The New Kingdom at its imperial peak, with a professional army, a chariot corps, and control reaching up through Canaan. Ramesses II reigns for sixty-six years and covers the country in monuments to himself. Egyptian power in this period is the reason Canaan is garrisoned rather than free.
- The Hittites
- The other superpower, in what is now Turkey, and Egypt's rival for the Levant. The two fight the largest chariot battle of the ancient world at Kadesh, then sign a treaty whose text survives from both sides. Hittite treaty form, with its historical prologue, stipulations, witnesses, blessings, and curses, is the shape the Sinai covenant takes, which is one of the stronger arguments for the antiquity of that material.
- The Aegean
- Mycenaean Greece: warrior kings in stone citadels at Mycenae and Pylos, keeping palace accounts in Linear B. The world of the Trojan War stories, whatever lies behind them.
- Further afield
- The Shang dynasty in China is casting extraordinary bronzes and writing questions to its ancestors on ox bones. In Mesoamerica the Olmec are beginning the first civilisation of the Americas.