King James Version · Under Rome
Hebrews 11
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Now is the substance of things for, the evidence of things not seen. For by it the obtained a good report. Through we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of , so that things which are seen were not made of things which do appear. By offered unto a more excellent than , by which he obtained that he was , testifying of his gifts: and by it he being yet speaketh. By was translated that he should not see ; and was not found, because had translated him: for before his translation he had this , that he pleased . But without it is impossible to please him: for he that cometh to must that he is, and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him. By , being warned of of things not seen as yet, moved with fear, prepared an ark to the saving of his house; by the which he condemned the world, and became of the which is by . By , when he was called to go out into a place which he should after receive for an , ; and he went out, not knowing whither he went. By he sojourned in the land of promise, as in a strange country, dwelling in tabernacles with and , the with him of the same promise: For he looked for a city which hath foundations, whose builder and maker is . Through also herself received strength to conceive , and was of a child when she was past age, because she judged him who had promised. Therefore sprang there even of one, and him as good as , so many as the stars of in multitude, and as the sand which is by the sea shore innumerable. These all in , not having received the promises, but having seen them afar off, and were persuaded of them, and embraced them, and that they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth. For they that say such things declare plainly that they seek a country. And truly, if they had been mindful of that country from whence they came out, they might have had opportunity to have returned. But now they a better country, that is, an : wherefore is not to be called their : for he hath prepared for them a city. By , when he was tried, offered up : and he that had received the promises offered up his only begotten son, Of whom it was said, That in shall thy be called: Accounting that was able to raise him up, even from ; from whence also he received him in a figure. By and concerning things to come. By , when he was a dying, both the ; and , leaning upon the top of his . By , when he , made mention of the departing of the ; and gave concerning his bones. By , when he was born, was hid three months of his parents, because they saw he was a proper child; and they were not afraid of the king’s . By , when he was come to years, refused to be called the son of ’s daughter; Choosing rather to suffer affliction with the people of , than to enjoy the pleasures of for a season; Esteeming the of Christ greater riches than the in : for he had respect unto the recompence of the reward. By he forsook , not fearing the of the king: for he , as seeing him who is invisible. Through he kept , and the sprinkling of , lest he that destroyed should touch them. By they passed through as by dry land: which the assaying to do were drowned. By the walls of fell down, after they were compassed about seven days. By the not with them that not, when she had received the spies with peace. And what shall I more say? for the time would fail me to tell of Gedeon, and of , and of , and of Jephthae; of also, and , and of : Who through subdued kingdoms, wrought , obtained promises, stopped the mouths of lions, Quenched the of , escaped the edge of , out of weakness were made strong, waxed valiant in fight, turned to flight the armies of the aliens. Women received their to life again: and others were tortured, not accepting ; that they might obtain a better : And others had of cruel mockings and scourgings, yea, moreover of bonds and imprisonment: They were stoned, they were sawn asunder, were , were slain with : they wandered about in sheepskins and goatskins; being destitute, afflicted, tormented; (Of whom the world was not worthy:) they wandered in deserts, and in mountains, and in dens and caves of the earth. And these all, having obtained a good report through , received not the promise: having provided some better thing for us, that they without us should not be made perfect.
The 1611 translation, public domain. Its original printing included the Apocrypha, which is why the deuterocanonical books can be read here. Notes and cards are EKLI’s own.
The world at this moment · Under Rome, 63 BC to AD 100 ›
Judea as a client kingdom and then a province. Roads, garrisons, taxes, crucifixion, and a common Greek language that let a message travel the empire faster than any before it.
- Rome
- The republic tears itself apart in civil war and comes out as an empire under Augustus. What follows is two centuries of relative peace across the whole Mediterranean, enforced by legions and paid for by taxes, with safe roads and safe sea lanes. Every one of Paul's journeys depends on that.
- Judea
- Governed first through Herod the Great, a client king of enormous ability and enormous brutality who rebuilds the temple into one of the wonders of the ancient world, then directly by Roman prefects. Crucifixion is the standard penalty for sedition and is used often and publicly.
- The wider world
- Greek is spoken from Spain to Syria, which means a letter written in Corinth can be read in Rome without translation. Jewish communities already exist in most major cities, which is where the first Christian preaching lands. Mystery religions, imperial cult, and philosophy all compete in the same marketplace.
- Further afield
- The Han dynasty rules China and trades silk westward along routes that touch the Roman world at second hand. In Britain the Roman conquest begins within a decade of the crucifixion.