World English Bible · Under Rome
Hebrews 11
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Now is assurance of things for, proof of things not seen. For by this, the obtained approval. By we understand that the universe has been framed by the word of , so that what is seen has not been made out of things which are visible. By offered to a more excellent than , through which he had given to him that he was , testifying with respect to his gifts; and through it he, being , still speaks. By was taken away, so that he wouldn't see , and he was not found, because translated him. For he has had given to him that before his translation he had been well pleasing to . Without it is impossible to be well pleasing to him, for he who comes to must that he exists, and that he is a rewarder of those who seek him. By , being warned about things not yet seen, moved with godly fear, prepared a ship for the saving of his house, through which he condemned the world and became of the which is according to . By , when he was called, to go out to the place which he was to receive for an . He went out, not knowing where he went. By he lived as an alien in the land of promise, as in a land not his own, dwelling in tents with and , the with him of the same promise. For he was looking for the city which has foundations, whose builder and maker is . By even herself received to conceive, and she bore a child when she was past age, since she counted him who had promised. Therefore as many as the stars of in multitude, and as innumerable as the sand which is by the sea shore, were fathered by one man, and him as good as . These all in , not having received the promises, but having seen them and embraced them from afar, and having that they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth. For those who say such things make it clear that they are seeking a country of their own. If indeed they had been thinking of that country from which they went out, they would have had enough time to return. But now they a better country, that is, a one. Therefore is not of them, to be called their , for he has prepared a city for them. By , , being , offered up . Yes, he who had gladly received the promises was up his only born son, to whom it was said, " will be accounted as from ," concluding that is able to raise up even from . Figuratively speaking, he also did receive him back from . By and , even concerning things to come. By , when he was dying, each of the , and , leaning on the top of his . By , when his end was near, made mention of the departure of the , and gave instructions concerning his bones. By , when he was born, was hidden for three months by his parents, because they saw that he was a beautiful child; and they were not afraid of the king's . By , when he had grown up, refused to be called the son of daughter, choosing rather to share ill treatment with than to enjoy the pleasures of for a time, considering the of Christ greater riches than the of ; for he looked to the reward. By he left , not fearing the of the king; for he , as seeing him who is invisible. By he kept and the sprinkling of , that of should not touch them. By they passed through as on dry land. When the tried to do so, they were swallowed up. By the walls of fell down after they had been encircled for seven days. By the didn't with those who were , having received the spies in peace. What more shall I say? For the time would fail me if I told of , , , , , , and — who through subdued kingdoms, worked out , obtained promises, stopped the mouths of lions, quenched the of , escaped the edge of , from weakness were made strong, grew mighty in war, and caused foreign armies to flee. Women received their by . Others were tortured, not accepting their , that they might obtain a better . Others were tried by mocking and scourging, yes, moreover by bonds and imprisonment. They were stoned. They were sawn apart. They were . They were slain with . They went around in sheep skins and in goat skins; being destitute, afflicted, ill-treated— of whom the world was not worthy—wandering in deserts, mountains, caves, and the holes of the earth. These all, having been commended for their , didn't receive the promise, having provided some better thing concerning us, so that apart from us they should not be made perfect.
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The world at this moment · Under Rome, 63 BC to AD 100 ›
Judea as a client kingdom and then a province. Roads, garrisons, taxes, crucifixion, and a common Greek language that let a message travel the empire faster than any before it.
- Rome
- The republic tears itself apart in civil war and comes out as an empire under Augustus. What follows is two centuries of relative peace across the whole Mediterranean, enforced by legions and paid for by taxes, with safe roads and safe sea lanes. Every one of Paul's journeys depends on that.
- Judea
- Governed first through Herod the Great, a client king of enormous ability and enormous brutality who rebuilds the temple into one of the wonders of the ancient world, then directly by Roman prefects. Crucifixion is the standard penalty for sedition and is used often and publicly.
- The wider world
- Greek is spoken from Spain to Syria, which means a letter written in Corinth can be read in Rome without translation. Jewish communities already exist in most major cities, which is where the first Christian preaching lands. Mystery religions, imperial cult, and philosophy all compete in the same marketplace.
- Further afield
- The Han dynasty rules China and trades silk westward along routes that touch the Roman world at second hand. In Britain the Roman conquest begins within a decade of the crucifixion.