King James Version · Under Rome
John 19
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Then therefore took , and scourged him. And the soldiers platted a , and put it on his head, and they put on him a purple robe, And said, Hail, King of the ! and they smote him with their hands. therefore went forth again, and saith unto them, Behold, I bring him forth to you, that ye may know that I find no fault in him. Then came forth, wearing the , and the purple robe. And saith unto them, Behold the man! When the therefore and officers saw him, they cried out, saying, him, him. saith unto them, Take ye him, and him: for I find no fault in him. The answered him, We have a law, and by our law he ought to , because he made himself the Son of . When therefore heard that saying, he was the more afraid; And went again into the hall, and saith unto , Whence art thou? But gave him no answer. Then saith unto him, Speakest thou not unto me? knowest thou not that I have to thee, and have to thee? answered, Thou couldest have no at all against me, except it were given thee from above: therefore he that me unto thee hath the greater . And from thenceforth sought to him: but the cried out, saying, If thou let this man go, thou art not Cesar’s friend: whosoever maketh himself a king speaketh against Cesar. When therefore heard that saying, he brought forth, and sat down in the seat in a place that is called the Pavement, but in the , Gabbatha. And it was the preparation of , and about the sixth hour: and he saith unto the , Behold your King! But they cried out, Away with him, away with him, him. saith unto them, Shall I your King? The answered, We have no king but Cesar. Then he him therefore unto them to be . And they took , and led him away. And he bearing his went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the : Where they him, and two other with him, on either side one, and in the midst. And wrote a title, and put it on . And the writing was, OF THE KING OF THE . This title then read many of the : for the place where was was nigh to the city: and it was written in , and , and Latin. Then said the of the to , Write not, The King of the ; but that he said, I am King of the . answered, What I have written I have written. Then the soldiers, when they had , took his garments, and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also his coat: now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout. They said therefore among themselves, Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be: that the might be fulfilled, which saith, They parted my raiment among them, and for my vesture they did cast lots. These things therefore the soldiers did. Now there stood by of his mother, and his mother’s sister, the wife of Cleophas, and . When therefore saw his mother, and the standing by, whom he loved, he saith unto his mother, Woman, behold thy son! Then saith he to the , Behold thy mother! And from that hour that took her unto his own home. After this, knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the might be fulfilled, saith, I thirst. Now there was set a full of vinegar: and they filled a spunge with vinegar, and put it upon , and put it to his . When therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost. The therefore, because it was the preparation, that the bodies should not upon on the , (for that was an high day,) besought that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away. Then came the soldiers, and brake the legs of the first, and of the other which was with him. 33But when they came to , and saw that he was already, they brake not his legs: But one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and forthwith came there out and water. And he that saw it record, and his record is true: and he knoweth that he saith true, that ye might . For these things were done, that the should be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken. And again another saith, They shall look on him whom they pierced. And after this , being of , but secretly for fear of the , besought that he might take away the body of : and gave him leave. He came therefore, and took the body of . And there came also , which at the first came to by night, and brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about an hundred pound weight. Then took they the body of , and wound it in linen clothes with the spices, as the manner of the is to bury. Now in the place where he was there was a garden; and in the garden a new , wherein was never man yet laid. There laid they therefore because of the ’ preparation day; for the was nigh at hand.
The 1611 translation, public domain. Its original printing included the Apocrypha, which is why the deuterocanonical books can be read here. Notes and cards are EKLI’s own.
The world at this moment · Under Rome, 63 BC to AD 100 ›
Judea as a client kingdom and then a province. Roads, garrisons, taxes, crucifixion, and a common Greek language that let a message travel the empire faster than any before it.
- Rome
- The republic tears itself apart in civil war and comes out as an empire under Augustus. What follows is two centuries of relative peace across the whole Mediterranean, enforced by legions and paid for by taxes, with safe roads and safe sea lanes. Every one of Paul's journeys depends on that.
- Judea
- Governed first through Herod the Great, a client king of enormous ability and enormous brutality who rebuilds the temple into one of the wonders of the ancient world, then directly by Roman prefects. Crucifixion is the standard penalty for sedition and is used often and publicly.
- The wider world
- Greek is spoken from Spain to Syria, which means a letter written in Corinth can be read in Rome without translation. Jewish communities already exist in most major cities, which is where the first Christian preaching lands. Mystery religions, imperial cult, and philosophy all compete in the same marketplace.
- Further afield
- The Han dynasty rules China and trades silk westward along routes that touch the Roman world at second hand. In Britain the Roman conquest begins within a decade of the crucifixion.