King James Version · Under Rome
Galatians 1
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, , (not of men, neither by man, but by , and , who him from ;) And all the brethren which are with me, unto the churches of Galatia: be to you and peace from , and from our , Who gave himself for our , that he might us from this present evil world, according to the will of and : To whom be . . I marvel that ye are so soon removed from him that called you into the of Christ unto another : Which is not another; but there be some that trouble you, and would pervert of Christ. But though we, or from , preach any other unto you than that which we have preached unto you, let him be . As we said before, so say I now again, If any man preach any other unto you than that ye have received, let him be . For do I now persuade men, or ? or do I seek to please men? for if I yet pleased men, I should not be the Christ. But I certify you, brethren, that which was preached of me is not after man. For I neither received it of man, neither was I taught it, but by the of . For ye have heard of my conversation in time past in the ’ religion, how that beyond measure I persecuted of , and wasted it: And profited in the ’ religion above many my equals in mine own nation, being more exceedingly of the traditions of my fathers. But when it pleased , who separated me from my mother’s , and called me by his , To his Son in me, that I might preach him among the heathen; immediately I conferred not with and : Neither went I up to to them which were before me; but I went into , and returned again unto . Then after three years I went up to to see , and abode with him fifteen days. But other of saw I none, ’s brother. Now the things which I write unto you, behold, before , I lie not. Afterwards I came into the regions of and ; And was unknown by unto the churches of which were in Christ: But they had heard only, That he which persecuted us in times past now preacheth the which once he destroyed. And they glorified in me.
The 1611 translation, public domain. Its original printing included the Apocrypha, which is why the deuterocanonical books can be read here. Notes and cards are EKLI’s own.
The world at this moment · Under Rome, 63 BC to AD 100 ›
Judea as a client kingdom and then a province. Roads, garrisons, taxes, crucifixion, and a common Greek language that let a message travel the empire faster than any before it.
- Rome
- The republic tears itself apart in civil war and comes out as an empire under Augustus. What follows is two centuries of relative peace across the whole Mediterranean, enforced by legions and paid for by taxes, with safe roads and safe sea lanes. Every one of Paul's journeys depends on that.
- Judea
- Governed first through Herod the Great, a client king of enormous ability and enormous brutality who rebuilds the temple into one of the wonders of the ancient world, then directly by Roman prefects. Crucifixion is the standard penalty for sedition and is used often and publicly.
- The wider world
- Greek is spoken from Spain to Syria, which means a letter written in Corinth can be read in Rome without translation. Jewish communities already exist in most major cities, which is where the first Christian preaching lands. Mystery religions, imperial cult, and philosophy all compete in the same marketplace.
- Further afield
- The Han dynasty rules China and trades silk westward along routes that touch the Roman world at second hand. In Britain the Roman conquest begins within a decade of the crucifixion.