King James Version · Under Rome
2 Timothy 1
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, of by the will of , according to the promise of life which is in Christ , To , my dearly beloved son: , mercy, and peace, from and Christ our . I thank , whom I from my forefathers with pure , that without ceasing I have remembrance of thee in my prayers night and day; Greatly desiring to see thee, being mindful of thy tears, that I may be filled with joy; When I call to remembrance the unfeigned that is in thee, which dwelt first in thy grandmother Lois, and thy mother Eunice; and I am persuaded that in thee also. Wherefore I put thee in remembrance that thou stir up the gift of , which is in thee by the putting on of my hands. For hath not given us of fear; but of , and of love, and of a sound . Be not thou therefore of the of our , nor of me his prisoner: but be thou partaker of the afflictions of according to the of ; Who hath us, and called us with an calling, not according to our works, but according to his own purpose and , which was given us in Christ before the world began, But is now made manifest by the appearing of our , who hath abolished , and hath brought life and immortality to through : Whereunto I am appointed a preacher, and , and a teacher of the . For the which cause I also suffer these things: nevertheless I am not : for I know whom I have , and am persuaded that he is able to keep that which I have committed unto him against that day. Hold the form of sound words, which thou hast heard of me, in and love which is in Christ . That good thing which was committed unto thee keep by the Ghost which dwelleth in us. This thou knowest, that all they which are in be turned away from me; of whom are Phygellus and . give mercy unto the house of ; for he oft refreshed me, and was not of my chain: 17But, when he was in , he sought me out very diligently, and found me. grant unto him that he may find mercy of in that day: and in how many things he ministered unto me at , thou knowest very well.
The 1611 translation, public domain. Its original printing included the Apocrypha, which is why the deuterocanonical books can be read here. Notes and cards are EKLI’s own.
The world at this moment · Under Rome, 63 BC to AD 100 ›
Judea as a client kingdom and then a province. Roads, garrisons, taxes, crucifixion, and a common Greek language that let a message travel the empire faster than any before it.
- Rome
- The republic tears itself apart in civil war and comes out as an empire under Augustus. What follows is two centuries of relative peace across the whole Mediterranean, enforced by legions and paid for by taxes, with safe roads and safe sea lanes. Every one of Paul's journeys depends on that.
- Judea
- Governed first through Herod the Great, a client king of enormous ability and enormous brutality who rebuilds the temple into one of the wonders of the ancient world, then directly by Roman prefects. Crucifixion is the standard penalty for sedition and is used often and publicly.
- The wider world
- Greek is spoken from Spain to Syria, which means a letter written in Corinth can be read in Rome without translation. Jewish communities already exist in most major cities, which is where the first Christian preaching lands. Mystery religions, imperial cult, and philosophy all compete in the same marketplace.
- Further afield
- The Han dynasty rules China and trades silk westward along routes that touch the Roman world at second hand. In Britain the Roman conquest begins within a decade of the crucifixion.