King James Version · Under Rome
2 Corinthians 1
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, of by the will of , and our brother, unto of which is at , with all which are in all : be to you and peace from , and from . be , even of our , of , and the of all comfort; Who comforteth us in all our tribulation, that we may be able to comfort them which are in any trouble, by the comfort wherewith we ourselves are comforted of . For as the sufferings of Christ abound in us, so our consolation also aboundeth by Christ. And whether we be afflicted, it is for your consolation and , which is effectual in the enduring of the same sufferings which we also suffer: or whether we be comforted, it is for your consolation and . And our of you is stedfast, knowing, that as ye are partakers of the sufferings, so shall ye be also of the consolation. For we would not, brethren, have you ignorant of our trouble which came to us in , that we were pressed out of measure, above strength, insomuch that we despaired even of life: But we had the sentence of in ourselves, that we should not in ourselves, but in which raiseth : Who us from so great a , and doth : in whom we that he will yet us; Ye also helping together by for us, that for the gift bestowed upon us by the means of many persons thanks may be given by many on our behalf. For our rejoicing is this, the of our , that in simplicity and godly sincerity, not with , but by the of , we have had our conversation in the world, and more abundantly to you-ward. For we write none other things unto you, than what ye read or ; and I ye shall even to the end; As also ye have acknowledged us in part, that we are your rejoicing, even as ye also are ours in . And in this confidence I was minded to come unto you before, that ye might have a second benefit; And to pass by you into , and to come again out of unto you, and of you to be brought on my way toward . When I therefore was thus minded, did I use lightness? or the things that I purpose, do I purpose according to , that with me there should be yea yea, and nay nay? But as is true, our word toward you was not yea and nay. For the Son of , , who was preached among you by us, even by me and Silvanus and , was not yea and nay, but in him was yea. For all the promises of in him are yea, and in him , unto the of by us. Now he which stablisheth us with you in Christ, and hath us, is ; Who hath also sealed us, and given the earnest of in our . Moreover I call for a record upon , that to spare you I came not as yet unto . Not for that we over your , but are helpers of your joy: for by ye stand.
The 1611 translation, public domain. Its original printing included the Apocrypha, which is why the deuterocanonical books can be read here. Notes and cards are EKLI’s own.
The world at this moment · Under Rome, 63 BC to AD 100 ›
Judea as a client kingdom and then a province. Roads, garrisons, taxes, crucifixion, and a common Greek language that let a message travel the empire faster than any before it.
- Rome
- The republic tears itself apart in civil war and comes out as an empire under Augustus. What follows is two centuries of relative peace across the whole Mediterranean, enforced by legions and paid for by taxes, with safe roads and safe sea lanes. Every one of Paul's journeys depends on that.
- Judea
- Governed first through Herod the Great, a client king of enormous ability and enormous brutality who rebuilds the temple into one of the wonders of the ancient world, then directly by Roman prefects. Crucifixion is the standard penalty for sedition and is used often and publicly.
- The wider world
- Greek is spoken from Spain to Syria, which means a letter written in Corinth can be read in Rome without translation. Jewish communities already exist in most major cities, which is where the first Christian preaching lands. Mystery religions, imperial cult, and philosophy all compete in the same marketplace.
- Further afield
- The Han dynasty rules China and trades silk westward along routes that touch the Roman world at second hand. In Britain the Roman conquest begins within a decade of the crucifixion.