King James Version · Under Rome
Philippians 4
Touch any underlined name to see who or where it is. Tap a verse number to see where it is taken up elsewhere.
Therefore, my brethren dearly beloved and longed for, my joy and , so stand in , my dearly beloved. I beseech Euodias, and beseech , that they be of the same in . And I intreat thee also, true yokefellow, help those women which laboured with me in , with also, and with other my fellowlabourers, whose names are in the . Rejoice in alway: and again I say, Rejoice. Let your moderation be known unto all men. is at hand. Be careful for nothing; but in every thing by and with let your requests be unto . And the peace of , which passeth all , shall keep your and through Christ . Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are , whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any , think on these things. Those things, which ye have both learned, and received, and heard, and seen in me, do: and the of peace shall be with you. But I rejoiced in greatly, that now at the last your care of me hath flourished again; wherein ye were also careful, but ye lacked opportunity. Not that I speak in respect of want: for I have learned, in whatsoever state I am, therewith to be content. I know both how to be abased, and I know how to abound: every where and in all things I am instructed both to be full and to be hungry, both to abound and to suffer need. I can do all things through Christ which strengtheneth me. Notwithstanding ye have well done, that ye did communicate with my affliction. Now ye Philippians know also, that of , when I departed from , no communicated with me as concerning giving and receiving, but ye only. For even in ye sent once and again unto my necessity. Not because I a gift: but I fruit that may abound to your account. But I have all, and abound: I am full, having received of the things which were sent from you, an odour of a sweet smell, a acceptable, wellpleasing to . But my shall supply all your need according to his riches in by Christ . Now unto and be . . Salute every saint in Christ . The brethren which are with me greet you. All salute you, chiefly they that are of Cesar’s household. The of our be with you all. . It was written to the Philippians from by .
The 1611 translation, public domain. Its original printing included the Apocrypha, which is why the deuterocanonical books can be read here. Notes and cards are EKLI’s own.
The world at this moment · Under Rome, 63 BC to AD 100 ›
Judea as a client kingdom and then a province. Roads, garrisons, taxes, crucifixion, and a common Greek language that let a message travel the empire faster than any before it.
- Rome
- The republic tears itself apart in civil war and comes out as an empire under Augustus. What follows is two centuries of relative peace across the whole Mediterranean, enforced by legions and paid for by taxes, with safe roads and safe sea lanes. Every one of Paul's journeys depends on that.
- Judea
- Governed first through Herod the Great, a client king of enormous ability and enormous brutality who rebuilds the temple into one of the wonders of the ancient world, then directly by Roman prefects. Crucifixion is the standard penalty for sedition and is used often and publicly.
- The wider world
- Greek is spoken from Spain to Syria, which means a letter written in Corinth can be read in Rome without translation. Jewish communities already exist in most major cities, which is where the first Christian preaching lands. Mystery religions, imperial cult, and philosophy all compete in the same marketplace.
- Further afield
- The Han dynasty rules China and trades silk westward along routes that touch the Roman world at second hand. In Britain the Roman conquest begins within a decade of the crucifixion.