World English Bible · Under Rome
Hebrews 13
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Let brotherly love continue. Don't forget to show hospitality to strangers, for in doing so, some have entertained without knowing it. Remember those who are in bonds, as bound with them, and those who are ill-treated, since you are also in the body. Let marriage be held in among all, and let the bed be undefiled; but will judge the sexually immoral and . Be free from the love of money, content with such things as you have, for he has said, "I will in no way leave you, neither will I in any way forsake you." So that with good courage we say, " is my helper. I will not fear. What can man do to me?" Remember your leaders, men who spoke to you the word of , and considering the results of their conduct, imitate their . is the same yesterday, today, and . Don't be by various and strange teachings, for it is good that be established by , not by foods, through which those who were so occupied were not benefited. We have an from which those who the have no right to eat. For the bodies of those animals, whose is brought into the place by the as an for , are burned outside of the camp. Therefore also, that he might the people through his own , suffered outside of the . Let's therefore go out to him outside of the camp, bearing his . For we don't have here an enduring city, but we seek that which is to come. Through him, then, let's offer up a of to continually, that is, the fruit of which proclaim allegiance to his name. But don't forget to be doing good and sharing, for with such is well pleased. your leaders and submit to them, for they watch on behalf of your , as those who will give account, that they may do this with joy and not with groaning, for that would be unprofitable for you. for us, for we are persuaded that we have a , desiring to live honorably in all things. I strongly urge you to do this, that I may be restored to you sooner. Now may the of peace, who brought again from the great of the sheep with of an , our , make you complete in every good work to do his will, working in you that which is well pleasing in his sight, through , to whom be the and ever. . But I exhort you, brothers, the word of exhortation, for I have written to you in few words. Know that our brother has been freed, with whom, if he comes shortly, I will see you. Greet all of your leaders and all . The Italians greet you. be with you all. .
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The world at this moment · Under Rome, 63 BC to AD 100 ›
Judea as a client kingdom and then a province. Roads, garrisons, taxes, crucifixion, and a common Greek language that let a message travel the empire faster than any before it.
- Rome
- The republic tears itself apart in civil war and comes out as an empire under Augustus. What follows is two centuries of relative peace across the whole Mediterranean, enforced by legions and paid for by taxes, with safe roads and safe sea lanes. Every one of Paul's journeys depends on that.
- Judea
- Governed first through Herod the Great, a client king of enormous ability and enormous brutality who rebuilds the temple into one of the wonders of the ancient world, then directly by Roman prefects. Crucifixion is the standard penalty for sedition and is used often and publicly.
- The wider world
- Greek is spoken from Spain to Syria, which means a letter written in Corinth can be read in Rome without translation. Jewish communities already exist in most major cities, which is where the first Christian preaching lands. Mystery religions, imperial cult, and philosophy all compete in the same marketplace.
- Further afield
- The Han dynasty rules China and trades silk westward along routes that touch the Roman world at second hand. In Britain the Roman conquest begins within a decade of the crucifixion.