World English Bible · Egypt and Sinai
Exodus 7
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said to , "Behold, I have made you as to ; and your brother shall be your . You shall speak all that I command you; and your brother shall speak to , that he let the go out of his land. I will harden , and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of . But will not listen to you, so I will lay my hand on , and bring out my armies, my people the , out of the land of by great judgments. The shall know that I am when I stretch out my hand on , and bring the out from among them." and did so. As commanded them, so they did. was eighty years old, and eighty-three years old, when they spoke to . 8 spoke to and to , saying, "When speaks to you, saying, 'Perform a miracle!' then you shall tell , 'Take your , and cast it down before , and it will become a .'" and went in to , and they did so, as had commanded. cast down his before and before his servants, and it became a . Then also called for men and the sorcerers. They also, the magicians of , did the same thing with their enchantments. For they each cast down their , and they became ; but swallowed up their . was hardened, and he didn't listen to them, as had spoken. said to , " is . He refuses to let the people go. Go to in the morning. Behold, he is going out to the water. You shall stand by the river's bank to meet him. You shall take the which was turned to a in your hand. You shall tell him, ', the of the , has sent me to you, saying, "Let my people go, that they may me in . Behold, until now you haven't listened." says, "In this you shall know that I am . Behold: I will strike with the that is in my hand on the waters which are in the river, and they shall be turned to . The fish that are in the river will and the river will become foul. The will loathe to drink water from the river."'" said to , "Tell , 'Take your , and stretch out your hand over the waters of , over their rivers, over their streams, and over their pools, and over all their ponds of water, that they may become . There will be throughout all the land of , both in vessels of wood and in vessels of stone.'" and did so, as commanded; and he lifted up the , and struck the waters that were in the river, in the sight of , and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that were in the river were turned to . The fish that were in the river . became foul. The couldn't drink water from the river. was throughout all the land of . The magicians of did the same thing with their enchantments. So was hardened, and he didn't listen to them, as had spoken. turned and went into his house, and he didn't even take this to . 24All the dug around the river for water to drink; for they couldn't drink the river water. Seven days were fulfilled, after had struck the river.
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The world at this moment · Egypt and Sinai, 1450 BC to 1200 BC ›
Israel in and then out of Egypt, at a period when Egypt was an imperial power that also controlled Canaan. The nation is formed as a people with a law before it has any land.
- Egypt
- The New Kingdom at its imperial peak, with a professional army, a chariot corps, and control reaching up through Canaan. Ramesses II reigns for sixty-six years and covers the country in monuments to himself. Egyptian power in this period is the reason Canaan is garrisoned rather than free.
- The Hittites
- The other superpower, in what is now Turkey, and Egypt's rival for the Levant. The two fight the largest chariot battle of the ancient world at Kadesh, then sign a treaty whose text survives from both sides. Hittite treaty form, with its historical prologue, stipulations, witnesses, blessings, and curses, is the shape the Sinai covenant takes, which is one of the stronger arguments for the antiquity of that material.
- The Aegean
- Mycenaean Greece: warrior kings in stone citadels at Mycenae and Pylos, keeping palace accounts in Linear B. The world of the Trojan War stories, whatever lies behind them.
- Further afield
- The Shang dynasty in China is casting extraordinary bronzes and writing questions to its ancestors on ox bones. In Mesoamerica the Olmec are beginning the first civilisation of the Americas.