World English Bible · Egypt and Sinai
Exodus 28
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"Bring your brother, and his sons with him, near to you from among the , that he may minister to me in the priest's office: , with , , , and , sons. You shall make garments for your brother, for and for beauty. You shall speak to all who are -hearted, whom I have filled with of , that they make garments to him, that he may minister to me in the priest's office. These are the garments which they shall make: a breastplate, an , a robe, a fitted tunic, a turban, and a sash. They shall make garments for your brother and his sons, that he may minister to me in the priest's office. They shall use the gold, and the blue, and the purple, and the scarlet, and the fine linen. "They shall make the of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twined linen, the work of the skillful workman. It shall have two shoulder straps joined to the two ends of it, that it may be joined together. The skillfully woven band, which is on it, shall be like its work and of the same piece; of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twined linen. You shall take two onyx stones, and engrave on them the names of the . Six of their names on the one stone, and the names of the six that on the other stone, in the order of their birth. With the work of an engraver in stone, like the engravings of a signet, you shall engrave the two stones, according to the names of the . You shall make them to be enclosed in settings of gold. You shall put the two stones on the shoulder straps of the , to be stones of memorial for the . shall bear their names before on his two shoulders for a memorial. 13You shall make settings of gold, and two chains of pure gold; you shall make them like cords of braided work. You shall put the braided chains on the settings. "You shall make a breastplate of , the work of the skillful workman; like the work of the you shall make it; of gold, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, you shall make it. 16It shall be square and folded double; a shall be its length, and a its width. You shall set in it settings of stones, four rows of stones: a row of ruby, topaz, and beryl shall be the first row; and the second row a turquoise, a sapphire, and an emerald; and the third row a jacinth, an agate, and an amethyst; and the fourth row a chrysolite, an onyx, and a jasper. They shall be enclosed in gold in their settings. The stones shall be according to the names of the , twelve, according to their names; like the engravings of a signet, everyone according to his name, they shall be for the twelve tribes. 22You shall make on the breastplate chains like cords, of braided work of pure gold. You shall make on the breastplate two rings of gold, and shall put the two rings on the two ends of the breastplate. 24You shall put the two braided chains of gold in the two rings at the ends of the breastplate. The other two ends of the two braided chains you shall put on the two settings, and put them on the shoulder straps of the in its forepart. 26You shall make two rings of gold, and you shall put them on the two ends of the breastplate, on its edge, which is toward the side of the inward. 27You shall make two rings of gold, and shall put them on the two shoulder straps of the underneath, in its forepart, close by its coupling, above the skillfully woven band of the . They shall bind the breastplate by its rings to the rings of the with a lace of blue, that it may be on the skillfully woven band of the , and that the breastplate may not swing out from the . shall bear the names of the in the breastplate of on , when he goes in to the place, for a memorial before continually. You shall put in the breastplate of the and the ; and they shall be on , when he goes in before . shall bear the of the on before continually. "You shall make the robe of the all of blue. It shall have a hole for the head in the middle of it. It shall have a binding of woven work around its hole, as it were the hole of a coat of mail, that it not be torn. On its you shall make pomegranates of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, all around its ; with bells of gold between and around them: a golden bell and a pomegranate, a golden bell and a pomegranate, around the of the robe. It shall be on to minister: and its sound shall be heard when he goes in to the place before , and when he comes out, that he not . "You shall make a plate of pure gold, and engrave on it, like the engravings of a signet, ' TO .' You shall put it on a lace of blue, and it shall be on the sash. It shall be on the front of the sash. It shall be on forehead, and shall bear the of the things, which the shall make in all their gifts; and it shall be always on his forehead, that they may be accepted before . You shall weave the tunic with fine linen. You shall make a turban of fine linen. You shall make a sash, the work of the embroiderer. "You shall make tunics for sons. You shall make sashes for them. You shall make headbands for them, for and for beauty. You shall put them on your brother, and on his sons with him, and shall anoint them, and them, and them, that they may minister to me in the priest's office. You shall make them linen pants to cover their . They shall reach from the waist even to the thighs. They shall be on and on his sons, when they go in to the , or when they come near to the to minister in the place, that they don't bear , and . This shall be a to him and to his after him.
A public domain modern English translation, free to read and share. Notes and cards are EKLI’s own.
The world at this moment · Egypt and Sinai, 1450 BC to 1200 BC ›
Israel in and then out of Egypt, at a period when Egypt was an imperial power that also controlled Canaan. The nation is formed as a people with a law before it has any land.
- Egypt
- The New Kingdom at its imperial peak, with a professional army, a chariot corps, and control reaching up through Canaan. Ramesses II reigns for sixty-six years and covers the country in monuments to himself. Egyptian power in this period is the reason Canaan is garrisoned rather than free.
- The Hittites
- The other superpower, in what is now Turkey, and Egypt's rival for the Levant. The two fight the largest chariot battle of the ancient world at Kadesh, then sign a treaty whose text survives from both sides. Hittite treaty form, with its historical prologue, stipulations, witnesses, blessings, and curses, is the shape the Sinai covenant takes, which is one of the stronger arguments for the antiquity of that material.
- The Aegean
- Mycenaean Greece: warrior kings in stone citadels at Mycenae and Pylos, keeping palace accounts in Linear B. The world of the Trojan War stories, whatever lies behind them.
- Further afield
- The Shang dynasty in China is casting extraordinary bronzes and writing questions to its ancestors on ox bones. In Mesoamerica the Olmec are beginning the first civilisation of the Americas.