World English Bible · Egypt and Sinai
Exodus 29
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"This is the thing that you shall do to them to make them , to minister to me in the priest's office: take one young bull and two rams , , cakes mixed with oil, and wafers with oil. You shall make them of fine wheat flour. You shall put them into one basket, and bring them in the basket, with the bull and the two rams. You shall bring and his sons to the door of the , and shall wash them with water. You shall take the garments, and put on the tunic, the robe of the , the , and the breastplate, and clothe him with the skillfully woven band of the . You shall set the turban on his head, and put the on the turban. Then you shall take the anointing oil, and pour it on his head, and anoint him. You shall bring his sons, and put tunics on them. You shall clothe them with belts, and his sons, and bind headbands on them. They shall have the priesthood by a perpetual . You shall and his sons. "You shall bring the bull before the ; and and his sons shall lay their hands on the head of the bull. You shall kill the bull before at the door of the . You shall take of of the bull, and put it on the of the with your finger; and you shall pour out all at the base of the . You shall take that covers the innards, the cover of the liver, the two kidneys, and that is on them, and burn them on the . But the meat of the bull, and its skin, and its dung, you shall burn with outside of the camp. It is a . "You shall also take the one ram, and and his sons shall lay their hands on the head of the ram. You shall kill the ram, and you shall take its , and sprinkle it around on the . You shall cut the ram into its pieces, and wash its innards, and its legs, and put them with its pieces, and with its head. You shall burn the whole ram on the : it is a burnt offering to ; it is a pleasant aroma, an made by to . "You shall take the other ram, and and his sons shall lay their hands on the head of the ram. Then you shall kill the ram, and take some of its , and put it on the tip of the right ear of , and on the tip of the right ear of his sons, and on the thumb of their , and on the big toe of their right foot; and sprinkle around on the . You shall take of that is on the , and of the anointing oil, and sprinkle it on , and on his garments, and on his sons, and on the garments of his sons with him: and he shall be made , and his garments, and his sons, and his sons' garments with him. Also you shall take some of the ram's fat, tail, that covers the innards, the cover of the liver, the two kidneys, that is on them, and the right thigh (for it is a ram of consecration), and one loaf of bread, one cake of oiled bread, and one wafer out of the basket of that is before . You shall put all of this in hands, and in his sons' hands, and shall wave them for a wave before . You shall take them from their hands, and burn them on the on the burnt offering, for a pleasant aroma before : it is an made by to . "You shall take the breast of ram of consecration, and wave it for a wave before . It shall be your . You shall the breast of the wave and the thigh of the wave , which is waved, and which is up, of the ram of consecration, even of that which is for , and of that which is for his sons. It shall be for and his sons as their from the ; for it is a wave . It shall be a wave from the of the of their , even their wave to . "The garments of shall be for his sons after him, to be in them, and to be in them. Seven days shall the son who is priest in his place put them on, when he comes into the to minister in the place. "You shall take the ram of consecration and boil its meat in a place. and his sons shall eat the meat of the ram, and the bread that is in the basket, at the door of the . They shall eat those things with which atonement was made, to and them; but a shall not eat of it, because they are . If anything of the meat of the consecration, or of the bread, to the morning, then you shall burn the remainder with . It shall not be eaten, because it is . "You shall do so to and to his sons, according to all that I have commanded you. You shall them seven days. Every day you shall offer the bull of for atonement. You shall cleanse the when you make atonement for it. You shall anoint it, to it. Seven days you shall make atonement for the , and it; and the shall be most . Whatever touches the shall be . "Now this is that which you shall offer on the : two lambs a year old day by day continually. The one lamb you shall offer in the morning; and the other lamb you shall offer at evening; and with the one lamb a tenth part of an ephah of mixed with the fourth part of a hin of beaten oil, and the fourth part of a hin of for a drink . The other lamb you shall offer at evening, and shall do to it according to the of the morning and according to its drink , for a pleasant aroma, an made by to . It shall be a continual burnt offering throughout your generations at the door of the before , where I will meet with you, to speak there to you. There I will meet with the ; and the place shall be by my . I will the and the . I will also and his sons to minister to me in the priest's office. I will among the , and will be their . They shall know that I am their , who brought them out of the land of , that I might among them: I am their .
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The world at this moment · Egypt and Sinai, 1450 BC to 1200 BC ›
Israel in and then out of Egypt, at a period when Egypt was an imperial power that also controlled Canaan. The nation is formed as a people with a law before it has any land.
- Egypt
- The New Kingdom at its imperial peak, with a professional army, a chariot corps, and control reaching up through Canaan. Ramesses II reigns for sixty-six years and covers the country in monuments to himself. Egyptian power in this period is the reason Canaan is garrisoned rather than free.
- The Hittites
- The other superpower, in what is now Turkey, and Egypt's rival for the Levant. The two fight the largest chariot battle of the ancient world at Kadesh, then sign a treaty whose text survives from both sides. Hittite treaty form, with its historical prologue, stipulations, witnesses, blessings, and curses, is the shape the Sinai covenant takes, which is one of the stronger arguments for the antiquity of that material.
- The Aegean
- Mycenaean Greece: warrior kings in stone citadels at Mycenae and Pylos, keeping palace accounts in Linear B. The world of the Trojan War stories, whatever lies behind them.
- Further afield
- The Shang dynasty in China is casting extraordinary bronzes and writing questions to its ancestors on ox bones. In Mesoamerica the Olmec are beginning the first civilisation of the Americas.