King James Version · Egypt and Sinai
Exodus 16
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And they took their journey from , and all of the came unto of , which is between and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month after their departing out of the land of . And the whole of the murmured against and in : And the said unto them, Would to we had by the hand of in the land of , when we sat by pots, and when we did eat bread to the full; for ye have brought us forth into this , to kill this whole with . Then said unto , Behold, I will for you; and the people shall go out and gather a certain rate every day, that I may prove them, whether they will walk in , or no. And it shall come to pass, that on the sixth day they shall prepare that which they bring in; and it shall be twice as much as they gather daily. And and said unto all the , At even, then ye shall know that hath brought you out from the land of : And in the morning, then ye shall see ; for that he heareth your murmurings against : and what are we, that ye murmur against us? And said, This shall be, when shall give you in the evening to eat, and in the morning bread to the full; for that heareth your murmurings which ye murmur against him: and what are we? your murmurings are not against us, but against . And spake unto , Say unto all of the , Come near before : for he hath heard your murmurings. And it came to pass, as spake unto the whole of the , that they looked toward , and, behold, appeared in the cloud. 11And spake unto , saying, I have heard the murmurings of the : speak unto them, saying, At even ye shall eat , and in the morning ye shall be filled with bread; and ye shall know that I am your . And it came to pass, that at even the quails came up, and covered the camp: and in the morning the lay round about the host. And when the that lay was gone up, behold, upon the of there lay a small round thing, as small as the hoar frost on the ground. And when the saw it, they said one to another, It is : for they wist not what it was. And said unto them, This is the bread which hath given you to eat. This is the thing which hath commanded, Gather of it every man according to his eating, an omer for every man, according to the number of your persons; take ye every man for them which are in his tents. 17And the did so, and gathered, some more, some less. And when they did mete it with an omer, he that gathered much had nothing over, and he that gathered little had no lack; they gathered every man according to his eating. And said, Let no man leave of it till the morning. Notwithstanding they hearkened not unto ; but some of them left of it until the morning, and it bred worms, and stank: and was wroth with them. And they gathered it every morning, every man according to his eating: and when the sun waxed hot, it melted. And it came to pass, that on the sixth day they gathered twice as much bread, two omers for one man: and all the of came and told . And he said unto them, This is that which hath said, To morrow is the rest of the unto : bake that which ye will bake to day, and seethe that ye will seethe; and that which remaineth over lay up for you to be kept until the morning. And they laid it up till the morning, as bade: and it did not stink, neither was there any worm therein. And said, Eat that to day; for to day is a unto : to day ye shall not find it in the field. Six days ye shall gather it; but on the seventh day, which is the , in it there shall be none. And it came to pass, that there went out some of the people on the seventh day for to gather, and they found none. And said unto , How long refuse ye to keep my and my laws? See, for that hath given you the , therefore he giveth you on the sixth day the bread of two days; ye every man in his place, let no man go out of his place on the seventh day. So the people rested on the seventh day. And the called the name thereof : and it was like coriander , white; and the taste of it was like wafers made with honey. And said, This is the thing which commandeth, Fill an omer of it to be kept for your generations; that they may see the bread wherewith I have fed you in , when I brought you forth from the land of . And said unto , Take a pot, and put an omer full of therein, and lay it up before , to be kept for your generations. As commanded , so laid it up before the , to be kept. And the did eat forty years, until they came to a land inhabited; they did eat , until they came unto the borders of the land of . Now an omer is the tenth part of an ephah.
The 1611 translation, public domain. Its original printing included the Apocrypha, which is why the deuterocanonical books can be read here. Notes and cards are EKLI’s own.
The world at this moment · Egypt and Sinai, 1450 BC to 1200 BC ›
Israel in and then out of Egypt, at a period when Egypt was an imperial power that also controlled Canaan. The nation is formed as a people with a law before it has any land.
- Egypt
- The New Kingdom at its imperial peak, with a professional army, a chariot corps, and control reaching up through Canaan. Ramesses II reigns for sixty-six years and covers the country in monuments to himself. Egyptian power in this period is the reason Canaan is garrisoned rather than free.
- The Hittites
- The other superpower, in what is now Turkey, and Egypt's rival for the Levant. The two fight the largest chariot battle of the ancient world at Kadesh, then sign a treaty whose text survives from both sides. Hittite treaty form, with its historical prologue, stipulations, witnesses, blessings, and curses, is the shape the Sinai covenant takes, which is one of the stronger arguments for the antiquity of that material.
- The Aegean
- Mycenaean Greece: warrior kings in stone citadels at Mycenae and Pylos, keeping palace accounts in Linear B. The world of the Trojan War stories, whatever lies behind them.
- Further afield
- The Shang dynasty in China is casting extraordinary bronzes and writing questions to its ancestors on ox bones. In Mesoamerica the Olmec are beginning the first civilisation of the Americas.