World English Bible · Egypt and Sinai
Exodus 13
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1 spoke to , saying, " to me all , whatever opens the among the , both of man and of animal. It is mine." said to the people, "Remember this day, in which you came out of , out of the house of bondage; for by strength of hand brought you out from this place. No leavened bread shall be eaten. Today you go out in the month . It shall be, when brings you into the land of the , and the , and the , and the , and the , which he to your fathers to give you, a and honey, that you shall keep this in this month. Seven days you shall eat , and in the seventh day shall be a feast to . shall be eaten throughout the seven days; and no leavened bread shall be seen with you. No shall be seen with you, within all your borders. You shall tell your son in that day, saying, 'It is because of that which did for me when I came out of .' It shall be for a sign to you on your hand, and for a memorial between your eyes, that law may be in your ; for with a strong hand has brought you out of . You shall therefore keep this from year to year. "It shall be, when brings you into the land of the , as he to you and to your fathers, and will give it to you, that you shall to all that opens the , and every that comes from an animal which you have. The males shall be . Every of a donkey you shall with ; and if you will not it, then you shall break its neck; and you shall all of man among your sons. It shall be, when your son asks you in time to come, saying, 'What is this?' that you shall tell him, 'By strength of hand brought us out from , from the house of bondage. When stubbornly refused to let us go, killed all in the land of , both of man, and of livestock. Therefore I to all that opens the , being males; but all of my sons I .' It shall be for a sign on your hand, and for symbols between your eyes; for by strength of hand brought us out of ." When had let the people go, didn't lead them by of the land of the , although that was near; for said, "Lest perhaps the people change their when they see war, and they return to "; but led the people around by of by ; and the went up armed out of the land of . took the bones of with him, for he had made the , saying, " will surely visit you, and you shall carry up my bones away from here with you." They took their journey from , and encamped in , in the edge of . went before them by day in a , to lead them on their way, and by night in a , to give them , that they might go by day and by night: of , and of by night, didn't depart from before the people.
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The world at this moment · Egypt and Sinai, 1450 BC to 1200 BC ›
Israel in and then out of Egypt, at a period when Egypt was an imperial power that also controlled Canaan. The nation is formed as a people with a law before it has any land.
- Egypt
- The New Kingdom at its imperial peak, with a professional army, a chariot corps, and control reaching up through Canaan. Ramesses II reigns for sixty-six years and covers the country in monuments to himself. Egyptian power in this period is the reason Canaan is garrisoned rather than free.
- The Hittites
- The other superpower, in what is now Turkey, and Egypt's rival for the Levant. The two fight the largest chariot battle of the ancient world at Kadesh, then sign a treaty whose text survives from both sides. Hittite treaty form, with its historical prologue, stipulations, witnesses, blessings, and curses, is the shape the Sinai covenant takes, which is one of the stronger arguments for the antiquity of that material.
- The Aegean
- Mycenaean Greece: warrior kings in stone citadels at Mycenae and Pylos, keeping palace accounts in Linear B. The world of the Trojan War stories, whatever lies behind them.
- Further afield
- The Shang dynasty in China is casting extraordinary bronzes and writing questions to its ancestors on ox bones. In Mesoamerica the Olmec are beginning the first civilisation of the Americas.