World English Bible · Under Rome
2 Timothy 1
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, of through the will of , according to the promise of the life which is in Christ , to , my beloved child: , mercy, and peace, from and Christ our . I thank , whom I as my forefathers did, with a pure . How unceasing is my memory of you in my petitions, night and day to see you, remembering your tears, that I may be filled with joy; having been reminded of the sincere that is in you, which lived first in your grandmother Lois and your mother Eunice and, I am persuaded, in you also. For this cause, I remind you that you should stir up the gift of which is in you through the laying on of my hands. For didn't give us a of fear, but of , love, and self-control. Therefore don't be of the of our , nor of me his prisoner; but hardship for the according to the of , who us and called us with a calling, not according to our works, but according to his own purpose and , which was given to us in Christ before times , but has now been by the appearing of our , Christ , who abolished , and brought life and immortality to through the . For this I was appointed as a preacher, , and a teacher of the . For this cause I also suffer these things. Yet I am not , for I know him whom I have , and I am persuaded that he is able to guard that which I have committed to him against that day. Hold the pattern of sound words which you have heard from me, in and love which is in Christ . That good thing which was committed to you, guard through who dwells in us. This you know, that all who are in turned away from me, of whom are and . May grant mercy to the house of , for he often refreshed me, and was not of my chain, 17but when he was in , he sought me diligently and found me ( grant to him to find mercy in that day); and in how many things he at , you know very well.
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The world at this moment · Under Rome, 63 BC to AD 100 ›
Judea as a client kingdom and then a province. Roads, garrisons, taxes, crucifixion, and a common Greek language that let a message travel the empire faster than any before it.
- Rome
- The republic tears itself apart in civil war and comes out as an empire under Augustus. What follows is two centuries of relative peace across the whole Mediterranean, enforced by legions and paid for by taxes, with safe roads and safe sea lanes. Every one of Paul's journeys depends on that.
- Judea
- Governed first through Herod the Great, a client king of enormous ability and enormous brutality who rebuilds the temple into one of the wonders of the ancient world, then directly by Roman prefects. Crucifixion is the standard penalty for sedition and is used often and publicly.
- The wider world
- Greek is spoken from Spain to Syria, which means a letter written in Corinth can be read in Rome without translation. Jewish communities already exist in most major cities, which is where the first Christian preaching lands. Mystery religions, imperial cult, and philosophy all compete in the same marketplace.
- Further afield
- The Han dynasty rules China and trades silk westward along routes that touch the Roman world at second hand. In Britain the Roman conquest begins within a decade of the crucifixion.