World English Bible · Under Rome
1 Timothy 4
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But says expressly that in later times some will fall away from the , paying attention to seducing spirits and doctrines of , through the of men who speak lies, branded in their own as with a hot iron, forbidding marriage and commanding to abstain from foods which created to be received with by those who and know the truth. For every creature of is good, and nothing is to be rejected if it is received with . For it is through the word of and . If you instruct the brothers of these things, you will be a good Christ , nourished in the words of the and of the good doctrine which you have followed. But refuse profane and old wives' fables. Exercise yourself toward godliness. For bodily exercise has some value, but godliness has value in all things, having the promise of the life which is now and of that which is to come. This saying is and worthy of all acceptance. For to this end we both labor and suffer , because we have set our in the living , who is the of all men, especially of those who . Command and teach these things. Let no man despise your youth; but be an example to those who , in word, in your way of life, in love, in , in , and in purity. Until I come, pay attention to reading, to exhortation, and to teaching. Don't neglect the gift that is in you, which was given to you by with the laying on of the hands of the . Be diligent in these things. Give yourself wholly to them, that your progress may be to all. Pay attention to yourself and to your teaching. Continue in these things, for in doing this you will both yourself and those who hear you.
A public domain modern English translation, free to read and share. Notes and cards are EKLI’s own.
The world at this moment · Under Rome, 63 BC to AD 100 ›
Judea as a client kingdom and then a province. Roads, garrisons, taxes, crucifixion, and a common Greek language that let a message travel the empire faster than any before it.
- Rome
- The republic tears itself apart in civil war and comes out as an empire under Augustus. What follows is two centuries of relative peace across the whole Mediterranean, enforced by legions and paid for by taxes, with safe roads and safe sea lanes. Every one of Paul's journeys depends on that.
- Judea
- Governed first through Herod the Great, a client king of enormous ability and enormous brutality who rebuilds the temple into one of the wonders of the ancient world, then directly by Roman prefects. Crucifixion is the standard penalty for sedition and is used often and publicly.
- The wider world
- Greek is spoken from Spain to Syria, which means a letter written in Corinth can be read in Rome without translation. Jewish communities already exist in most major cities, which is where the first Christian preaching lands. Mystery religions, imperial cult, and philosophy all compete in the same marketplace.
- Further afield
- The Han dynasty rules China and trades silk westward along routes that touch the Roman world at second hand. In Britain the Roman conquest begins within a decade of the crucifixion.