Old Testament · Minor Prophets

Nahum

Nineveh's sentence, the city Jonah spared hears its doom a century on.

3
Chapters
Under Assyria
Era
Nevi'im
Hebrew canon

A whole book celebrating the fall of Nineveh, and modern readers usually find it difficult. It helps to know what Nineveh was: the capital of an empire that advertised its cruelty in stone carvings of flayings and impalements, that deported whole populations as policy, and that had destroyed the northern kingdom of Israel. Nahum is what it sounds like when the boot finally comes off the neck. It is also formidable poetry, with a description of chariots and cavalry that reads like a camera cutting between shots. Read alongside Jonah, which is about the same city being spared, the two books make an uncomfortable and deliberate pair: mercy is real, and so is the point at which a nation has run out of it.

If you remember one thing

Read alongside Jonah it is uncomfortable, and it is meant to be: the same city, the same God, a different century, a different answer.

Who, when, and why

Written
Nahum of Elkosh, writing between the fall of Thebes in 663 BC, which he refers to as past, and the fall of Nineveh in 612 BC, which he announces as coming.
First readers
Judah under Assyrian domination.
Why it was written
Nineveh, spared in Jonah's day, has become unbearable, and Nahum announces its fall.

How it is shaped

  1. 1A hymn: the LORD is slow to anger and great in power
  2. 2The siege of Nineveh described
  3. 3Woe to the bloody city

What it keeps coming back to

Judgment on crueltyComfort for the oppressedGod as refuge and avenger

A verse to carry

The LORD is good, a stronghold in the day of trouble; and he knows those who take refuge in him.

Nahum 1:7

Passages that trouble readers

Nahum 3:5-7

The humiliation of Nineveh described in imagery of sexual shaming. Modern readers find it repellent, and saying so is more honest than explaining it away as merely conventional.

Named here rather than skipped. Where Christians read a passage differently, we say so instead of choosing for you.