Old Testament · Minor Prophets

Micah

Do justice, love mercy, walk humbly, and Bethlehem named seven centuries early.

7
Chapters
Under Assyria
Era
Nevi'im
Hebrew canon

A contemporary of Isaiah, working the same crisis from the countryside rather than the court. Micah alternates between judgment and hope so abruptly that the seams show, and the judgment falls hardest on those who covet fields and seize them, and on prophets who declare peace when they are fed and war when they are not. The book contains two of the most quoted lines in Scripture: the promise that from Bethlehem, little among the clans of Judah, will come a ruler, which the scribes quote to Herod without hesitation; and the summary of what the LORD requires, to do justice, love mercy, and walk humbly with your God, which arrives as the answer to a man asking how many sacrifices would be enough.

If you remember one thing

One verse in Micah names Bethlehem seven centuries early, and another compresses the whole law into three demands. Few books say so much in so little space.

Who, when, and why

Written
Micah of Moresheth, a country town in Judah, working at the same time as Isaiah and quoted a century later in Jeremiah, which is a rare glimpse of one prophet being remembered by name.
First readers
Both kingdoms, city and countryside.
Why it was written
A country prophet contemporary with Isaiah, speaking against land seizure and corrupt leadership.

How it is shaped

  1. 1 to 3Judgment on Samaria and Jerusalem
  2. 4 to 5The mountain of the LORD, and a ruler from Bethlehem
  3. 6 to 7The LORD's lawsuit, and what he requires

What it keeps coming back to

Justice and mercyCorrupt leadersA ruler from BethlehemThe remnant

A verse to carry

He has shown you, O man, what is good. What does Yahweh require of you, but to act justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God?

Micah 6:8

Passages that trouble readers

Micah 6:6-8

The question of whether to offer a firstborn child, answered by what the LORD actually requires. The question is rhetorical, and its presence shows the practice was known enough to name.

Named here rather than skipped. Where Christians read a passage differently, we say so instead of choosing for you.