World English Bible · Under Rome
Galatians 5
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Stand firm therefore in the by which Christ has made us free, and don't be entangled again with a . Behold, I, , tell you that if you receive , Christ will profit you nothing. Yes, I testify again to every man who receives that he is a debtor to do . You are alienated from Christ, you who to be by . You have fallen away from . For we through , by wait for the of . For in Christ neither nor uncircumcision amounts to anything, but working through love. You were running well! Who interfered with you that you should not the truth? This persuasion is not from him who calls you. A little grows through the whole lump. I have confidence toward you in that you will think no other way. But he who troubles you will bear his , whoever he is. But I, brothers, if I still preach , why am I still persecuted? Then the stumbling block of has been removed. I wish that those who disturb you would cut themselves off. For you, brothers, were called for . Only don't use your as an opportunity for , but through love be servants to one another. For is fulfilled in one word, in this: "You shall love your neighbor as yourself." But if you bite and devour one another, be careful that you don't consume one another. But I say, walk by , and you won't fulfill the of . For lusts against , and against ; and these are contrary to one another, that you may not do the things that you . But if you are led by , you are not . Now the deeds of are obvious, which are: , sexual immorality, uncleanness, lustfulness, idolatry, , hatred, strife, jealousies, outbursts of , rivalries, divisions, heresies, envy, murders, drunkenness, orgies, and things like these; of which I forewarn you, even as I also forewarned you, that those who practice such things will not Kingdom. But the fruit of is love, joy, peace, , kindness, goodness, , gentleness, and self-control. Against such things there is no law. Those who belong to Christ have with its passions and lusts. If we live by , let's also walk by . Let's not become conceited, provoking one another, and envying one another.
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The world at this moment · Under Rome, 63 BC to AD 100 ›
Judea as a client kingdom and then a province. Roads, garrisons, taxes, crucifixion, and a common Greek language that let a message travel the empire faster than any before it.
- Rome
- The republic tears itself apart in civil war and comes out as an empire under Augustus. What follows is two centuries of relative peace across the whole Mediterranean, enforced by legions and paid for by taxes, with safe roads and safe sea lanes. Every one of Paul's journeys depends on that.
- Judea
- Governed first through Herod the Great, a client king of enormous ability and enormous brutality who rebuilds the temple into one of the wonders of the ancient world, then directly by Roman prefects. Crucifixion is the standard penalty for sedition and is used often and publicly.
- The wider world
- Greek is spoken from Spain to Syria, which means a letter written in Corinth can be read in Rome without translation. Jewish communities already exist in most major cities, which is where the first Christian preaching lands. Mystery religions, imperial cult, and philosophy all compete in the same marketplace.
- Further afield
- The Han dynasty rules China and trades silk westward along routes that touch the Roman world at second hand. In Britain the Roman conquest begins within a decade of the crucifixion.