World English Bible · Under Rome
1 John 1
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That which was , that which we have heard, that which we have seen with our eyes, that which we saw, and our hands touched, concerning the Word of life (and the life was , and we have seen, and testify, and declare to you the life, the , which was with , and was to us); that which we have seen and heard we declare to you, that you also may have fellowship with us. Yes, and our fellowship is with and with his Son, . And we write these things to you, that our joy may be fulfilled. This is the message which we have heard from him and announce to you, that is , and in him is no at all. If we say that we have fellowship with him and walk in , we lie and don't tell the truth. But if we walk in as he is in , we have fellowship with one another, and of his Son, cleanses us from all . If we say that we have no , we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us. If we our , he is and to forgive us the and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. If we say that we haven't , we make him a liar, and his word is not in us.
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The world at this moment · Under Rome, 63 BC to AD 100 ›
Judea as a client kingdom and then a province. Roads, garrisons, taxes, crucifixion, and a common Greek language that let a message travel the empire faster than any before it.
- Rome
- The republic tears itself apart in civil war and comes out as an empire under Augustus. What follows is two centuries of relative peace across the whole Mediterranean, enforced by legions and paid for by taxes, with safe roads and safe sea lanes. Every one of Paul's journeys depends on that.
- Judea
- Governed first through Herod the Great, a client king of enormous ability and enormous brutality who rebuilds the temple into one of the wonders of the ancient world, then directly by Roman prefects. Crucifixion is the standard penalty for sedition and is used often and publicly.
- The wider world
- Greek is spoken from Spain to Syria, which means a letter written in Corinth can be read in Rome without translation. Jewish communities already exist in most major cities, which is where the first Christian preaching lands. Mystery religions, imperial cult, and philosophy all compete in the same marketplace.
- Further afield
- The Han dynasty rules China and trades silk westward along routes that touch the Roman world at second hand. In Britain the Roman conquest begins within a decade of the crucifixion.