The Deuterocanon

Susanna

Two elders lie about a woman in a garden, and a young Daniel cross-examines them apart.

A short courtroom drama and arguably the first detective story in Western literature. Two respected elders spy on a beautiful married woman bathing, proposition her, and when she refuses accuse her of adultery, which carries a death sentence. Susanna is condemned on their word until a young Daniel interrupts the proceedings, insists the witnesses be separated, and asks each one under which tree the act occurred. They name different trees. The story is a sustained argument about the abuse of authority and the cross-examination of witnesses, and it was cited in later legal thought. Placed at the start or end of Daniel depending on the edition. Scripture for Catholics and Orthodox, Apocrypha for Protestants.

If you remember one thing

Two elders accuse a woman who refused them, and a young Daniel questions them separately about which tree they saw her under. Their answers do not match.

Who, when, and why

Written
An addition to the Greek Daniel.
First readers
Readers of Daniel.
Why it was written
A story of false witness exposed.

How it is shaped

  1. 1 to 27Susanna and the two elders
  2. 28 to 41The trial and false verdict
  3. 42 to 64Daniel's cross-examination

What it keeps coming back to

IntegrityFalse accusationCross-examination

A verse to carry

It is better for me to fall into your hands and not to do it, than to sin in the sight of the Lord.

Susanna 23

Passages that trouble readers

Placement and canon

Placed before Daniel 1 in some editions and as chapter 13 in others. Scripture for Catholics and Orthodox, Apocrypha for Protestants.

Named here rather than skipped. Where Christians read a passage differently, we say so instead of choosing for you.

Who receives this book

Catholic Orthodox Protestant · Apocrypha

Daniel 13 in Catholic and Orthodox Bibles; printed separately in the Apocrypha.