World English Bible · Entering the land
Joshua 12
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Now these are the kings of the land, whom the struck, and their land beyond toward the sunrise, from the valley of the to , and all the eastward: king of the , who lived in , and ruled from , which is on the edge of the valley of the , and the middle of the valley, and half , even to the river , the border of ; and the to the sea of , eastward, and to the sea of the , even , eastward, to ; and on the south, under the slopes of : and the border of king of , of of the , who lived at and at , and ruled in , and in , and in all , to the border of the Geshurites and the Maacathites, and half , the border of king of . the and the struck them. the gave it for a possession to the , and the , and the half-tribe of . These are the kings of the land whom and the struck beyond westward, from Gad in the valley of even to Mount Halak, that goes up to . gave it to the tribes of Israel for a possession according to their divisions; in the hill country, and in the lowland, and in the , and in the slopes, and in , and in the South; the , the , and the , the , the , and the : the king of , one; the king of , which is beside , one; the king of , one; the king of , one; the king of , one; the king of , one; the king of , one; the king of , one; the king of , one; the king of Geder, one; the king of , one; the king of , one; the king of , one; the king of , one; the king of , one; the king of , one; the king of Tappuah, one; the king of , one; the king of , one; the king of Lassharon, one; the king of Madon, one; the king of , one; the king of Meron, one; the king of , one; the king of , one; the king of , one; the king of , one; the king of in , one; the king of in the height of , one; the king of Goiim in , one; the king of , one: all the kings thirty-one.
A public domain modern English translation, free to read and share. Notes and cards are EKLI’s own.
The world at this moment · Entering the land, 1250 BC to 1200 BC ›
Israel crossing into Canaan and contending with fortified city-states, each with its own king, in a land Egypt had recently dominated and was now losing its grip on.
- The collapse
- The whole eastern Mediterranean is coming apart. Within about fifty years the Hittite empire falls, its capital burns, the Mycenaean palaces are destroyed, Ugarit is wiped out mid-correspondence, and Egypt is fighting for its life against seaborne invaders. Nobody fully knows why. Drought, earthquake, migration, and the failure of interlocking trade are all in the explanation.
- Egypt
- Still strong enough to record a victory over a people called Israel on a stone monument around 1207 BC, the earliest mention of the name outside the Bible. But Egyptian control of Canaan is slipping, and within a generation it is gone.
- Canaan
- Not a country but dozens of walled towns, each with its own king, its own god, and its own quarrel with the next valley. This is why the book of Joshua reads as a list of kings rather than a war with a nation.
- Further afield
- Iron is beginning to replace bronze across the region, partly because the tin trade that made bronze possible has broken down. The Olmec are building San Lorenzo. The Zhou are about to overthrow the Shang in China.