Old Testament · Wisdom & Poetry

Song of Songs

שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים

Love unashamed, garden poetry between bride and beloved, strong as death itself.

8
Chapters
attributed to Solomon
Attributed
The united kingdom
Era
Ketuvim
Hebrew canon

Love poetry, frankly erotic, with no mention of God, law, or covenant anywhere in it. Its presence in Scripture has been explained for two thousand years, most often as an allegory of God and Israel or Christ and the church, and that reading produced some of the richest devotional writing in both traditions. The plainer reading, that it is what it appears to be, has become the more common one and is not the lesser: a canon that opens with a man and a woman naked and unashamed has an obvious place for a book celebrating desire without embarrassment. Notice that the woman speaks most of the lines, initiates, and is never passive, which was not the convention of the ancient love poetry around it.

If you remember one thing

Jewish and Christian readers have long read it allegorically, of God and Israel or Christ and the church, and it is also plainly what it looks like: unembarrassed love poetry, included in Scripture without apology.

Who, when, and why

Written
Attributed to Solomon; a collection of love poetry.
First readers
Israel, and every reader since who has been surprised to find this in the Bible.
Why it was written
Love poetry between a bride and her beloved, with no explicit theology in it.

How it is shaped

  1. 1 to 3Longing and mutual praise
  2. 4 to 5The wedding, and the garden
  3. 5 to 6Separation, searching, and reunion
  4. 7 to 8Love strong as death

What it keeps coming back to

DesireDelightFaithfulnessThe body as good

A verse to carry

Love is strong as death.

Song of Songs 8:6

Passages that trouble readers

Song of Songs 4:1-7

The frank description of a body. Uncomfortable to some readers precisely because it is in Scripture, and the discomfort is worth examining rather than resolving by allegory.

Song of Songs 5:7

The watchmen beat her and take her cloak. A moment of real violence in a love poem, and interpreters differ on whether it is dream or event.

Named here rather than skipped. Where Christians read a passage differently, we say so instead of choosing for you.